Extensible Authentication Protocol Vulnerabilities and Improvements

Extensible Authentication Protocol(EAP) is a widely used security protocol for Wireless networks around the world. The project examines different security issues with the EAP based protocols, the family of security protocols for Wireless LAN. The project discovers an attack on the subscriber identity module(SIM) based extension of EAP. The attack is a Denial-of-Service attack that exploits the error handling mechanism in EAP protocols. The project further proposes countermeasures for detection and a defense against the discovered attack. The discovered attack can be prevented by changing the protocol to delay the processing of protocol error messages

Hysterosalpingography and ultrasonography findings of female genital tuberculosis

Genital tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of female infertility in the world, especially in developing countries. Majority of infertility cases are due to involvement of the fallopian tubes (92%–100%), endometrial cavity (50%), and ovaries (10%–30%); cervical and vulvovaginal TB are uncommon. Genital TB has characteristic radiological appearances based on the stage of the disease process (acute inflammatory or chronic fibrotic) and the organ of involvement. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) and ultrasonography (US) remain the main imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of genital TB. HSG is the primary modality for evaluating uterine, fallopian tube, and peritubal involvement and also helps in evaluating tubal patency. US, on the other hand, allows simultaneous evaluation of ovarian and extrapelvic involvement

Wind and Seismic Response Control of Dynamically Similar Adjacent Buildings Connected Using Magneto-Rheological Dampers

Wind and/or earthquake-imposed loadings on two dynamically similar adjacent buildings cause vigorous shaking that can be mitigated using energy dissipating devices. Here, the vibration response control in such adjacent structures interconnected with semi-active magneto-rheological (MR) dampers is studied, which could also be used as a retrofitting measure in existing structures apart from employing them in new constructions. The semi-active nature of the MR damper is modeled using the popular Lyapunov control algorithm owing to its least computational efforts among the other considered control algorithms. The semi-active performance of the MR damper is compared with its two passive states, e.g., passive-off and passive-on, in which voltage applied to the damper is kept constant throughout the occurrence of a hazard, to establish its effectiveness even during the probable electric power failure during the wind or seismic hazards. The performance of the MR damper, in terms of structural response reduction, is compared with other popular energy dissipating devices, such as viscous and friction dampers. Four damper arrangements have been considered to arrive at the most effective configuration for interconnecting the two adjoining structures. Structural responses are recorded in terms of storey displacement, storey acceleration, and storey shear forces. Coupling the two adjacent dynamically similar buildings results in over a 50% reduction in the structural vibration against both wind and earthquake hazards, and this is achieved by not necessarily connecting all the floors of the structures with dampers. The comparative analysis indicates that the semi-active MR damper is more effective for response control than the other passive dampers

Wind and Seismic Response Control of Dynamically Similar Adjacent Buildings Connected Using Magneto-Rheological Dampers

Wind and/or earthquake-imposed loadings on two dynamically similar adjacent buildings cause vigorous shaking that can be mitigated using energy dissipating devices. Here, the vibration response control in such adjacent structures interconnected with semi-active magneto-rheological (MR) dampers is studied, which could also be used as a retrofitting measure in existing structures apart from employing them in new constructions. The semi-active nature of the MR damper is modeled using the popular Lyapunov control algorithm owing to its least computational efforts among the other considered control algorithms. The semi-active performance of the MR damper is compared with its two passive states, e.g., passive-off and passive-on, in which voltage applied to the damper is kept constant throughout the occurrence of a hazard, to establish its effectiveness even during the probable electric power failure during the wind or seismic hazards. The performance of the MR damper, in terms of structural response reduction, is compared with other popular energy dissipating devices, such as viscous and friction dampers. Four damper arrangements have been considered to arrive at the most effective configuration for interconnecting the two adjoining structures. Structural responses are recorded in terms of storey displacement, storey acceleration, and storey shear forces. Coupling the two adjacent dynamically similar buildings results in over a 50% reduction in the structural vibration against both wind and earthquake hazards, and this is achieved by not necessarily connecting all the floors of the structures with dampers. The comparative analysis indicates that the semi-active MR damper is more effective for response control than the other passive dampers

Improvement of Physicochemical and Solubility of Dipyridamole by Cocrystallization Technology

The aim of this study was to develop a pH-independent release formulation of dipyridamole (DP) by the combined use of pH-modifier technology and cocrystal technology tartaric acid (TA) was selected as an appropriate pH-modifier in terms of improving physicochemical properties and dissolution behavior of DP under neutral conditions. Molecular docking method was used to identify the suitable conformer.  Upon optimization of the ratio of TA to DP (molar ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) was prepared by a solvent assisted griding method. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that formation of DP-TA co crystals supported by supported by powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. Spectroscopic analysis suggested that there might be inter-molecular interaction among DP and TA resulting in pH independent dissolution behavior of drug substance. The study confirmed the selection of proper coformer and exhibited enhanced physicochemical, solubility and stability of the Dipyridamole cocrystals. Hence, based upon results it revealed that cocrystallization helps in improving the physicochemical properties of the API. Keywords: Dipyridamole, Coformer, Molecular docking, Radar chart, solvent assisted griding, Cocrystal

Informed consent in diagnostic radiology practice: Where do we stand?

We review the evolution of the concept of informed consent from a radiology standpoint, the current international guidelines on the need for obtaining consent in diagnostic radiology practice, and the current Indian scenario, focusing on both practical and medicolegal aspects. We discuss the concept of patient information sheet with signature, a potential way forward benefiting both patients and radiologists

Awareness of Health Care Workers Regarding Prophylaxis for Prevention of Transmission of Blood-Borne Viral Infections in Occupational Exposures

Context: There has been a need to assess the awareness of health care professionals regarding post exposure prophylaxis for various blood-borne viral infections. Aims: To study and compare the awareness regarding transmission and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for prevention of transmission of HIV, Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus amongst medical (Resident Medical Officers- RMOs and Interns) and paramedical professionals (nurses and technicians).Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study at a tertiary health care hospital in Mumbai (INDIA) with a medical college.Methods and Materials: A total of 304 RMOs (Resident Medical Officers), 100 interns, 201 nurses and 50 technicians answered a structured questionnaire. Their responses were analyzed as percentages. Inter-group comparisons were performed using the chi-square method between junior & senior RMOs, RMOs & nurses, RMOs & interns and RMOs & technicians.Statistical analysis used: Chi-square test (p value of <0.05 was considered to be significant).Results: Knowledge about the fact that the exposed site must be immediately washed with soap and water was higher in RMOs and interns (73.03% and 83% respectively) as compared to nurses and technicians (40.8% and 58% respectively). Awareness about the basic and expanded HIV PEP regimens was lower in RMOs (35.2% and 20% respectively) than interns (62% and 24%). Knowledge about whom to contact for PEP was good among the RMOs, interns and nurses (55.9%, 83% and 57.7% respectively) but low amongst technicians (20%). 18.1% of the RMOs, 24% of interns, 19.4% of nurses and 10% of technicians have had prior occupational exposure.Conclusions: Knowledge base of the nurses and technicians lagged behind that of the RMOs. The knowledge of interns was comparable and in many aspects better than that of RMOs. The knowledge base of junior (1st and 2nd year) and senior (3rd and 4th year) RMOs was similar. The study indicates the need to reinforce the knowledge of RMOs regarding various aspects of PEP and to undertake more training workshops for the same amongst nurses and technicians

Ileosigmoid knot: A case report

The ileosigmoid knot is an uncommon but life-threatening cause of closed loop intestinal obstruction. Its treatment is different from a simple volvulus in that it has to be operated upon immediately. Preoperative CT scan diagnosis and prompt treatment can lead to a good outcome. Findings of simultaneous ileal and sigmoid ischemia with non-ischemic colon interposed in between should, in an appropriate clinical setting, indicate this condition. The presence of the whirl sign, medially deviated distal descending colon and cecum, and mesenteric vascular structures from the superior mesenteric vessels that converge toward the sigmoid colon on CT scan help clinch the diagnosis