Ridge Augmentation Techniques in Preprosthetic Implant Surgery

Rehabilitation of missing teeth with dental implant-supported restorations has become a predictable treatment option in dentistry. The stability of hard and soft tissues around the implant is fundamental for long-term success. However, due to factors such as trauma, oncologic diseases, and missing teeth, vertical and horizontal bone loss is expected, and the available bone may not be suitable for optimum implant placement. Ridge augmentation procedures are applied to increase in the volume of the deficient sites for implant treatment. Autogenous block bone augmentation and guided bone regeneration (GBR) are two surgical approaches for implant placement. Autogenous bone is widely used for augmentations because of its osteogenic potential. A myriad of biomaterials, including xenografts, allografts, alloplasts, and composite grafts, are available for GBR. The aim of this chapter is to provide a brief summary of these methods and to discuss the advantages and pitfalls of ridge augmentation techniques

SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROFIBERS IN THE WASTEWATERS OF TEXTILE FINISHING PROCESS

Microplastic pollution is a major global issue, with the textile industry responsible for 35% of the microplastics (MPs) released as microfibers (MFs). Due to their small size, MPs can interact with a wide range of organisms and lead to chromosomal mutations that cause obstruction, inflammation, and organ accumulation. This study aims to detect and separate MFs released from the textile finishing machinery, which is used to give a soft touch to fabrics. Before being transferred to the effluent water, the wastewater samples taken from the section were pretreated with 15% H2O2 at 25 °C for 5 days, and then MFs were captured by a filter. Filters with accumulated MFs were observed using a light microscope, and a micro-FTIR was used to detect MFs chemically. The main results showed that acrylic and cotton MFs were detected in wastewater, and wastewater samples from different dates contained 0.058 g/L and 0.251 g/L MFs which reveals the seriousness of the MP problem we are facing

Detection and Analysis of Microfibers and Microplastics in Wastewater from a Textile Company

Textile wastewater is polluted by inorganic/organic substances, polymers, dyes, and microfibers (MFs), which are microplastics (MPs) and natural fibers. This work is aimed at the preliminary investigation of MFs and MPs in textile industrial wastewater, and at evaluating the removal efficiency of an on-site wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Ten samples of inflows and outflows of the WWTP of a textile company (applying a physic-chemical process) have been analyzed. Firstly, the samples underwent a pretreatment with 15% hydrogen peroxide at 25 °C for 5 days to remove organic compounds. Secondly, the MFs were recovered from the aqueous phase by pre-screening centrifugation, density separation, and filtration as alternative options. Filtration obtained the best performances, compared to the other recovery processes. Thirdly, the MFs were counted through optical microscopy and the MPs were identified through micro-FTIR. The MFs amount in the inflow samples was in the range of 893–4452 MFs/L. The outflow samples (310–2404 MFs/L) exhibited a 38–65% reduction compared to the inflows, demonstrating that up to 62% of residual MFs can enter the sewer network or the receiving water body. Cotton and wool, and numerous MPs (acrylic, polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, and viscose/rayon) were identified in the inflow and outflow samples (with the only exception of “dense” viscose (rayon), not detected in the outflows, and probably retained by the WWTP with the sludge). This study, even if just preliminary, offers interesting hints for future research on MFs/MPs detection in textile wastewater, and on the performance of a full-scale WWT process for their removal

Histologic, Histomorphometric, and Clinical Analysis of the Effects of Growth Factors in a Fibrin Network Used in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation

This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of mineralized plasmatic matrix (MPM), comprised of synthetic graft and platelet concentrates, on new bone formation and volume stability over time in maxillary sinus lifting (MSL). Unilateral MSL was performed in 20 patients with either beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) or MPM grafts (10 sinuses each). Six months postsurgery, specimens were obtained with a trephine bur prior to implant placement in 39 cases. Volumetric changes in sinus augmentation were analyzed between 1 week (T-I) and 6 months (T-II) postsurgery. Histomorphometric and histological analyses of biopsy samples revealed mean new bone percentages of 35.40% ± 9.09% and 26.92% ± 7.26% and residual graft particle areas of 23.13% ± 6.16% and 32.25% ± 8.48% in the MPM and β-TCP groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The mean soft-tissue areas in the MPM and β-TCP groups were 41.48% ± 8.41% and 40.83% ± 8.86%, respectively (p > 0.05). Graft reductions between baseline and 6-months postprocedure in the β-TCP and MPM groups were 17.12% ± 13.55% and 14.41% ± 12.87%, respectively, with significant graft volume reduction observed in both groups (p < 0.05) while there is no significant difference between MPM and β-TCP groups (p > 0.05). Thus, MPM, representing growth factors in a fibrin network, increases new bone formation and has acceptable volume stability in MSL procedure