Difusão de fosfina no interior de cupinzeiros de Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar) (Isoptera: Termitidae).

Aspectos relacionados à difusão da fosfina dentro de cupinzeiros de C. cumulans foram estudados, em condições naturais, em Piracicaba-SP. Concluiu-se que as paredes externas dos montículos, construídas com partículas de latossol e cimentadas com saliva dos insetos, não eram totalmente impermeáveis à fumaça da queima da celulose existente em seu interior que fluía, com relativa facilidade, para o ambiente externo, sem o auxílio de qualquer pressão artificial interna. Medições periódicas das concentrações de fosfina em diferentes localizações internas nos montículos, através de "Multi Gás Detector DRAGER", indicaram uma perda total do gás, num intervalo de seis a trinta horas desde a introdução de quantidades variáveis de comprimidos de fosfina nos termiteiros. A mortalidade dos insetos nunca foi total, mesmo quando se aplicaram oito drágeas por montículo, encontrando-se sempre nas regiões mais baixas da câmara de celulose, pelo menos cerca de 20% de insetos vivos e em condições de reconstruírem o ninho. Mortalidade de 100% foram obtidas acima da linha do solo e para dosagens maiores que quatro comprimidos por ninho, independentemente do local de sua deposição no interior dos montículos

Do different casein concentrations increase the adverse effect of rutin on the biology of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)?

The flavonoid rutin is recognized as playing an important role in the protection of plants against lepidopterans. Bioassays with this compound are generally carried out using artificial diets. Proteins of high energy value, such as casein, are important ingredients of insect artificial diets as a source of essential amino acids. However, such proteins can generally increase the allelochemical activity. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of rutin on larvae of the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner by incorporating this allelochemical into diets with different concentrations of casein. Three casein concentrations (0, 7 g, or 14 g) combined with none, 0.65%, or 1.30% of rutin were added to the rearing diet and offered to the larvae from hatching to pupation. Rutin negatively affected larval development, the amount of food consumed, and pupal weight of A. gemmatalis. These negative effects were clearly seen in insects fed on diets with 7 g of casein to which any concentration of rutin was added. The effects of rutin when added to the diets without casein were stronger than in diets containing a suitable amount of casein (14 g). The greater negative effects of rutin in diets containing suboptimal concentrations of casein indicate that casein can increase the effects of rutin only when the diets are nutritionally unsuitable for insect development

DEVELOPMENT AND FITNESS OF \u3ci\u3eSpodoptera cosmioides\u3c/i\u3e (WALKER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON \u3ci\u3ePhaseolus vulgaris\u3c/i\u3e L. GENOTYPES

INTRODUCTION The black armyworm Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is widely distributed in South America, except for southern Argentina, Chile, and regions located to the west of the Andes in Peru (SILVAIN, LALANNE -CASSOU, 1997). In Brazil, this specie has occurred in several crops, including soybean, cotton and bean, causing injuries on leafs and pods that result in substantial losses in the plant yield (SPECHT et al., 2004). Thus, Host-Plant Resistance becomes an alternative method as a strategy in the control of this pest, since resistance features expressed by some plants can cause changes in the behavior, and / or biology of phytophagous insects, or provide greater support capacity to their attack (BOIÇA JÚNIOR et al., 2013). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the development and fitness of S. cosmioides larvae fed on bean genotypes. MATERIAL E METHODS Bean genotypes used were BRS Pérola, IAC Harmonia, BRS Supremo, BRS Talisman and IPR Campos Gerais. The leaves of the genotypes (treatments) were individualized into 9-cmdiameter Petri dishes lined with deionized water moistened filter paper. In each plate, a newly hatched larvae of S. cosmioides was released. Experiment was carried out under a completely randomized design with 30 replications. Data on larval stage duration, larval survival and larval weight of S. cosmioides were recorded. In addition, the larval performance of S. cosmioides was observed by calculating the Fitness Index (FI), adapted from Boregas et al. (2013), using the formula: FI = larval survival (%) × pupal biomass (mg) / larval development period (days) / 10

FEEDING PREFERENCE OF \u3ci\u3eSpodoptera frugiperda\u3c/i\u3e (SMITH) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON \u3ci\u3ePhaseolus vulgaris\u3c/i\u3e L. GENOTYPES

INTRODUCTION The species Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a widely distributed pest in the American continent and with a polyphagous habit, causing damage to several crops of economic importance, such as bean bean (CASMUZ et al., 2010). The most control measure to manage S. frugiperda is based on sprayings of chemical insecticides. However, alternative methods less damaging to the environment have been proposed. The host plant resistance is one of them, through plants that present in their constitution genes that are capable of producing substances that interfere in the behavior and/or development of the insect (BOIÇA JÚNIOR et al., 2015). The ability of these plants to tolerate damage caused by insect pests has been aided in breeding programs to obtain genotypes with resistance characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate S. frugiperda larval feeding preference in common bean genotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS The following genotypes were evaluated for resistance to S. frugiperda larvae: BRS Pérola, IAC Harmonia, BRS Supremo, BRS Talismã and IPR Campos Gerais. Double and multiple choice tests were performed under a randomized complete block desing, with 10 replications each. In the multiple-choice test, arenas composed of 14-cm-diamenter Petri dishes were used. In the double choice test, 8-cm-diamenter Petri dishes were used, confronting the genotypes two by two. Petri dishes were coated to the bottom with moistened filter paper, and 3- cm-diameter leaf disc of the respective genotype was distributed equidistantly. In both tests, third-instar larvae of S. frugiperda was released per genotype

ATRACTIVENESS AND NON-PREFERENCE FOR OVIPOSITION OF \u3ci\u3eTetranychus ogmophallos\u3c/i\u3e (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) ON GENOTYPES OF \u3ci\u3ePhaseolus vulgaris\u3c/i\u3e L.

INTRODUCTION The use cultivars resistant to arthropod pests is a significant tool used in integrated pest management. Indirectly cultivars on which arthropod show prolonged growth and development may expose the organism to the potential natural enemies resulting in natural control of arthopod population (Sarfraz et al., 2007). In Brazil, little information is available on the host plant resistance to Tetranychus ogmophallos mites, which presents high potential to infest common bean, peanut and soybean plant. Bonato et al. (2000) verified that T. ogmophallos able to develop on bean and displayed high rates of increase when reared on this plant. In addition, the ability of develop on a wide range host plants, constitutes a factor that raises the status this pest (Bonato et al., 2000). Thus, it is important to analyze the attractiveness and oviposition response of T. ogmophallos on bean genotypes in order to determine the genotypes that are less preferred by mite. In this study we evaluated T. ogmophallos attractiveness and preference oviposition of common bean genotypes