Action de l’herbicide molinate et de l’urée sur la sensibilité du riz à Sclerotium oryzae Catt. et à S. hydrophilum Sacc.

National audienceInfection of two rice varieties by Setimcrulo oryzae and S. hydrophilum was favoured by urea, but reduced by molinate. The herbicide slows Sclerotium development during the early growth stages of rice while urea favours the disease at all stages.L’action favorisante de l’urée et défavorable du molinate sur le développement des Sclerotium a été montrée pour 2 variétés de riz. L’action défavorable du molinate sur la maladie est plus importante que l’action favorisante de l’urée dans le cas de la variété la plus sensible. En culture, le molinate appliqué lors du semis (début mai) freine le développement des Sclerotium durant les premiers stades de développement. L’application tardive d’urée (mi-juillet) favorise l’extériorisation de la maladie

Action in vitro d’un herbicide (molinate) sur trois champignons parasites du riz : Sclerotium oryzae Catt., S. hydrophilum Sacc. et Rhizoctonia oryzae Ryker et Gooch

National audienceMolinate has a fungistatic effect in vitro on fungal parasites of rice. At molinate concentrations lower than 0.5 g/l, it induces a lower development of mycelium, and sclerotia take.longer to differentiate. In addition, at these and higher concentrations, the longer the contact with the herbicide, the more difficult it is for the fungi to start growing. The delayed infection of rice plants in plots treated with molinate could be due to such an action on these fungi.Le molinate, herbicide utilisé en riziculture, présente une action fongistatique in vitro sur trois champignons parasites du riz (Sclerotium oryzae, S. hydrophilum, Rhizoctonia oryzae). A des concentrations inférieures à 0,5 g/1 de matière active, il provoque un ralentissement de leur développement et les sclérotes sont plus longs à se former. En outre, à ces mêmes concentrations ou à des concentrations supérieures, la reprise d’activité des champignons étudiés est d’autant plus difficile que la durée de contact est plus longue. Les attaques tardives du riz dans les parcelles traitées au molinate pourraient être expliquées par une telle action

Évolution de la sensibilité des glumelles du riz à Pyricularia oryzae Cav. et à Drechslera oryzae (Br. de Haan) Sub. et Jain : conséquences pour la transmission des maladies

International audienc

What every reader should know about studies using electronic health record data but may be afraid to ask

10.2196/22219Journal of Medical Internet Research233e2221

Evolving phenotypes of non-hospitalized patients that indicate long COVID

International audienceAbstract Background For some SARS-CoV-2 survivors, recovery from the acute phase of the infection has been grueling with lingering effects. Many of the symptoms characterized as the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) could have multiple causes or are similarly seen in non-COVID patients. Accurate identification of PASC phenotypes will be important to guide future research and help the healthcare system focus its efforts and resources on adequately controlled age- and gender-specific sequelae of a COVID-19 infection. Methods In this retrospective electronic health record (EHR) cohort study, we applied a computational framework for knowledge discovery from clinical data, MLHO, to identify phenotypes that positively associate with a past positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19. We evaluated the post-test phenotypes in two temporal windows at 3–6 and 6–9 months after the test and by age and gender. Data from longitudinal diagnosis records stored in EHRs from Mass General Brigham in the Boston Metropolitan Area was used for the analyses. Statistical analyses were performed on data from March 2020 to June 2021. Study participants included over 96 thousand patients who had tested positive or negative for COVID-19 and were not hospitalized. Results We identified 33 phenotypes among different age/gender cohorts or time windows that were positively associated with past SARS-CoV-2 infection. All identified phenotypes were newly recorded in patients’ medical records 2 months or longer after a COVID-19 RT-PCR test in non-hospitalized patients regardless of the test result. Among these phenotypes, a new diagnosis record for anosmia and dysgeusia (OR 2.60, 95% CI [1.94–3.46]), alopecia (OR 3.09, 95% CI [2.53–3.76]), chest pain (OR 1.27, 95% CI [1.09–1.48]), chronic fatigue syndrome (OR 2.60, 95% CI [1.22–2.10]), shortness of breath (OR 1.41, 95% CI [1.22–1.64]), pneumonia (OR 1.66, 95% CI [1.28–2.16]), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 1.41, 95% CI [1.22–1.64]) is one of the most significant indicators of a past COVID-19 infection. Additionally, more new phenotypes were found with increased confidence among the cohorts who were younger than 65. Conclusions The findings of this study confirm many of the post-COVID-19 symptoms and suggest that a variety of new diagnoses, including new diabetes mellitus and neurological disorder diagnoses, are more common among those with a history of COVID-19 than those without the infection. Additionally, more than 63% of PASC phenotypes were observed in patients under 65 years of age, pointing out the importance of vaccination to minimize the risk of debilitating post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 among younger adults

International Analysis of Electronic Health Records of Children and Youth Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection in 6 Countries

International audienceAdditional sources of pediatric epidemiological and clinical data are needed to efficiently study COVID-19 in children and youth and inform infection prevention and clinical treatment of pediatric patients

International comparisons of laboratory values from the 4CE collaborative to predict COVID-19 mortality

International audienceAbstract Given the growing number of prediction algorithms developed to predict COVID-19 mortality, we evaluated the transportability of a mortality prediction algorithm using a multi-national network of healthcare systems. We predicted COVID-19 mortality using baseline commonly measured laboratory values and standard demographic and clinical covariates across healthcare systems, countries, and continents. Specifically, we trained a Cox regression model with nine measured laboratory test values, standard demographics at admission, and comorbidity burden pre-admission. These models were compared at site, country, and continent level. Of the 39,969 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (68.6% male), 5717 (14.3%) died. In the Cox model, age, albumin, AST, creatine, CRP, and white blood cell count are most predictive of mortality. The baseline covariates are more predictive of mortality during the early days of COVID-19 hospitalization. Models trained at healthcare systems with larger cohort size largely retain good transportability performance when porting to different sites. The combination of routine laboratory test values at admission along with basic demographic features can predict mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Importantly, this potentially deployable model differs from prior work by demonstrating not only consistent performance but also reliable transportability across healthcare systems in the US and Europe, highlighting the generalizability of this model and the overall approach

Multinational characterization of neurological phenotypes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

International audienceAbstract Neurological complications worsen outcomes in COVID-19. To define the prevalence of neurological conditions among hospitalized patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test in geographically diverse multinational populations during early pandemic, we used electronic health records (EHR) from 338 participating hospitals across 6 countries and 3 continents (January–September 2020) for a cross-sectional analysis. We assessed the frequency of International Classification of Disease code of neurological conditions by countries, healthcare systems, time before and after admission for COVID-19 and COVID-19 severity. Among 35,177 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, there was an increase in the proportion with disorders of consciousness (5.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7–7.8%, p FDR < 0.001) and unspecified disorders of the brain (8.1%, 5.7–10.5%, p FDR < 0.001) when compared to the pre-admission proportion. During hospitalization, the relative risk of disorders of consciousness (22%, 19–25%), cerebrovascular diseases (24%, 13–35%), nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (34%, 20–50%), encephalitis and/or myelitis (37%, 17–60%) and myopathy (72%, 67–77%) were higher for patients with severe COVID-19 when compared to those who never experienced severe COVID-19. Leveraging a multinational network to capture standardized EHR data, we highlighted the increased prevalence of central and peripheral neurological phenotypes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, particularly among those with severe disease