Development of a Device for Remote Monitoring of Heart Rate and Body Temperature

We present a new integrated, portable device to provide a convenient solution for remote monitoring heart rate at the fingertip and body temperature using Ethernet technology and widely spreading internet. Now a days, heart related disease is rising. Most of the times in these cases, patients may not realize their actual conditions and even it is a common fact that there are no doctors by their side, especially in rural areas, but now a days most of the diseases are curable if detected in time. We have tried to make a system which may give information about one's physical condition and help him or her to detect these deadly but curable diseases. The system gives information of heart rate and body temperature simultaneously acquired on the portable side in real time and transmits results to web. In this system, the condition of heart and body temperature can be monitored from remote places. Eventually, this device provides a low cost, easily accessible human health monitor solution bridging the gaps between patients and doctors

Triple-ionised carbon associated with the low-density neutral hydrogen gas at 1.7 < z < 3.3: the integrated N(HI)-N(CIV) relation

From the Voigt profile fitting analysis of 183 intervening CIV systems at 1.7 < z < 3.3 in 23 high-quality UVES/VLT and HIRES/Keck QSO spectra, we find that a majority of CIV systems (~75%) display a well-characterised scaling relation between integrated column densities of HI and CIV with a negligible redshift evolution, when column densities of all the HI and CIV components are integrated within a given (-150, +150) km/sec range centred at the CIV flux minimum. The integrated CIV column density N(CIV, sys) increases with N(HI, sys) at log N(HI, sys) = 14.0--15.5 and log N(CIV, sys) = 11.8--14.0, then becomes almost independent of N(HI, sys) at log N(HI, sys) > 16, with a large scatter: at log N(HI, sys) = 14--22, log N(CIV, sys) = C1 / (log(NHI, sys) + C2) + C3, with C1 = -1.90+0.55, C2 = -14.11+0.19 and C3 = 14.76+0.17, respectively. The steep (flat) part is dominated by SiIV-free (SiIV-enriched) CIV systems. Extrapolating the N(HI, sys)-N(CIV, sys) relation implies that most absorbers with log N(HI) < 14 are virtually CIV-free. The N(HI, sys)-N(CIV, sys) relation does not hold for individual components, clumps or the integration velocity range less than +-100 km/sec. It is expected if the line-of-sight extent of CIV is smaller than HI and N(CIV, sys) decreases more rapidly than N(HI, sys) at the larger impact parameter, regardless of the location of the HI+CIV gas in the IGM filaments or in the intervening galactic halos.Comment: Accepted for publication on MNRAS, 26 pages, 20 figures, 4 tables. On-line materials are found in the submitted civ.tar.gz file: complete Table 2, complete Table 3, complete Table 4, velocity plots civ1.pdf, civ2.pdf, civ3.pdf, civ4.pdf and civ5.pd

The influence of temperature and charge-discharge rate on open circuit voltage hysteresis of an LFP Li-ion battery

Open circuit voltage (OCV) is a crucial parameter in an equivalent circuit model (ECM). The path dependence of OCV is a distinctive characteristic of a Li-ion battery; this is known as OCV hysteresis. In this manuscript the influence of temperature and charge/discharge rate on OCV hysteresis has been identified. OCV hysteresis was found to be 13mV higher at 0°C while remaining unchanged at 45°C compared to the 25°C result. In general, OCV hysteresis was found to be less dependent on charge/discharge rate than temperature. The potential explanations of these results have been reported

The dense molecular gas in the z∼6\rm z\sim6 QSO SDSS J231038.88+185519.7 resolved by ALMA

We present ALMA observations of the CO(6-5) and [CII] emission lines and the sub-millimeter continuum of the $z\sim6$ quasi-stellar object (QSO) SDSS J231038.88+185519.7. Compared to previous studies, we have analyzed a synthetic beam that is ten times smaller in angular size, we have achieved ten times better sensitivity in the CO(6-5) line, and two and half times better sensitivity in the [CII] line, enabling us to resolve the molecular gas emission. We obtain a size of the dense molecular gas of $2.9\pm0.5$ kpc, and of $1.4\pm0.2$ kpc for the 91.5 GHz dust continuum. By assuming that CO(6-5) is thermalized, and by adopting a CO--to--$H_2$ conversion factor $\rm \alpha_{CO} = 0.8~ M_{\odot}~K^{-1}~ (km/s)^{-1} ~pc^{2}$, we infer a molecular gas mass of $\rm M(H_2)=(3.2 \pm0.2) \times 10^{10}\rm M_{\odot}$. Assuming that the observed CO velocity gradient is due to an inclined rotating disk, we derive a dynamical mass of $\rm M_{dyn}~sin^2(i) = (2.4\pm0.5) \times 10^{10}~ M_{\odot}$, which is a factor of approximately two smaller than the previously reported estimate based on [CII]. Regarding the central black hole, we provide a new estimate of the black hole mass based on the C~IV emission line detected in the X-SHOOTER/VLT spectrum: $\rm M_{BH}=(1.8\pm 0.5) \times 10^{9}~ M_{\odot}$. We find a molecular gas fraction of $\rm \mu=M(H_2)/M^*\sim4.4$, where $\rm M^*\approx M_{dyn} - M(H_2)-M(BH)$. We derive a ratio $v_{rot}/\sigma \approx 1-2$ suggesting high gas turbulence, outflows/inflows and/or complex kinematics due to a merger event. We estimate a global Toomre parameter $Q\sim 0.2-0.5$, indicating likely cloud fragmentation. We compare, at the same angular resolution, the CO(6-5) and [CII] distributions, finding that dense molecular gas is more centrally concentrated with respect to [CII]. We find that the current BH growth rate is similar to that of its host galaxy.Comment: A&A in pres

A comparative study on different cooling strategies for lithium-ion battery cells

In this study a 1D electrochemical-thermal model is coupled with a 3D thermal model in order to predict the heat generation and corresponding temperature distribution in a battery cell. The developed model is verified against experimental data for a 20 Ah lithium iron phosphate (LFP) which is operating at 20 °C ambient temperature. The model is then adjusted to accommodate for 10Ah and 40 Ah cells by decreasing and increasing the surface area of each cell as well as the tab dimensions. The temperature distribution of the different cells are studied employing fin cooling as well as indirect liquid cooling system. Simulation results highlight that the temperature gradient within the surface of the 40 Ah cell is almost 1.9 and 1.3 times that of the 10 Ah and 20 Ah cells, respectively. Moreover, it is found that the fin cooling method by employing aluminium plates between the cells is not a good choice when applied to large format batteries. Whereas, by employing the indirect liquid cooling, a very uniform temperature along with low temperature gradient is achieved even under high discharge rate. When the two cooling units have the same volume, the obtained volumetric temperature gradient with fin cooling is equal to 20.5, 27.5 and 34.7 °C for the 10 Ah, 20 Ah and 40Ah respectively, whereas the corresponding value in case of the indirect cooling is 4.7, 5.2 and 6.2 °C respectivel

A study of the open circuit voltage characterization technique and hysteresis assessment of lithium-ion cells

Among lithium-ion battery applications, the relationship between state of charge (SoC) and open circuit voltage (OCV) is used for battery management system operation. The path dependence of OCV is a distinctive characteristic of lithium-ion batteries which is termed as OCV hysteresis. Accurate estimation of OCV hysteresis is essential for correct SoC identification. OCV hysteresis test procedures used previously do not consider the coupling of variables that show an apparent increase in hysteresis. To study true OCV hysteresis, this paper proposes a new test methodology. Using the proposed methodology, OCV hysteresis has been quantified for different lithium-ion cells. The test results show that a battery's OCV is directly related to the discharge capacity. Measured battery capacity can vary up to 5.0% depending on the test procedure and cell chemistry. The maximum hysteresis was found in a LiFePO4 (LFP) cell (38 mV) and lowest in the LTO cell (16 mV). A dynamic hysteresis model is used to show how better prediction accuracy can be achieved when hysteresis voltage is a function of SoC instead of assuming as a constant. The results highlight the importance of the testing procedure for OCV characterisation and that hysteresis is present in other Li-ion batteries in addition to LFP

LLVM Static Analysis for Program Characterization and Memory Reuse Profile Estimation

Profiling various application characteristics, including the number of different arithmetic operations performed, memory footprint, etc., dynamically is time- and space-consuming. On the other hand, static analysis methods, although fast, can be less accurate. This paper presents an LLVM-based probabilistic static analysis method that accurately predicts different program characteristics and estimates the reuse distance profile of a program by analyzing the LLVM IR file in constant time, regardless of program input size. We generate the basic-block-level control flow graph of the target application kernel and determine basic-block execution counts by solving the linear balance equation involving the adjacent basic blocks' transition probabilities. Finally, we represent the kernel memory accesses in a bracketed format and employ a recursive algorithm to calculate the reuse distance profile. The results show that our approach can predict application characteristics accurately compared to another LLVM-based dynamic code analysis tool, Byfl.Comment: This paper was accepted at the MEMSYS '23 conference, The International Symposium on Memory Systems, October 02, 2023 - October 05, 2023, Alexandria, V