Solunumsal Uzun süreli Fasilitasyonun Kan Gazlarının Regülasyonuna Etkisi

Solunum, arterial kan gazlarının homeostazını korumak i&ccedil;in s&uuml;rekli kendini ayarlamalıdır. Solunumsal n&ouml;roplastisite, d&uuml;zenleyici fonksiyonları korumak i&ccedil;in aracılık yapar. Solunumsal plastisite i&ccedil;in bilinen en iyi model aralıklı hipoksinin(AH; PaO2=35&ndash;45 mmHg) neden olduğu ventilasyonda artışa sebep olan(&gt;1 sa) uzun s&uuml;reli fasilitasyondur(vLTF). Bu &ccedil;alışmanın amacı; aralıklı hipoksi modeli boyunca ve sonrasında arterial parsiyel oksijen basıncı(PaO2) ve karbondioksit basıncı(PaCO2) reg&uuml;lasyonunun vLTF&rsquo;e bağımlılık derecesini araştırmaktır.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu &ccedil;alışmada 3-4 aylık, 6 adet Sprague-Dawley cinsi, erkek ratlar kullanılmıştır. Ratlar, akut aralıklı izokapnik hipoksi(AAİH) modeli oluşturulmadan &ouml;nce pletismografi i&ccedil;erisinde 30 dk boyunca FIO2=0.21 ve FICO2=0.03 normaksik koşulda(NK) aklimatize edilmiştir ve sonrasında 60 dk boyunca NK&rsquo; da tutulmuştur. Daha sonra 5 kez, 5 dakika boyunca FIO2=0.10 ve FICO2=0.4, aralara 1&rsquo; er kez olmak &uuml;zere 4 kez 5 dakika boyunca FIO2=0.21 ve FICO2=0.03 gaz fraksiyonlarına maruz bırakılarak AAİH modeli oluşturulmuştur. AAİH sonrası 60 dk FIO2=0.21 ve FICO2=0.4 gaz fraksiyonlarına maruz bırakılmıştır. Her &uuml;&ccedil; durum sonunda femoral artere katater kanule edilmiş ratlardan 17&micro;l kan alınıp, PaO2, PaCO2, pH ve SaO2 analizleri co-oksimetre ile yapılmıştır. &Ccedil;alışma s&uuml;resince abdominal boşluğa implant edilen sıcaklık telemetrisi ile de anlık v&uuml;cut sıcaklığı &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;lm&uuml;şt&uuml;r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NK&rsquo; ya maruz bırakıldıktan(60 dk) hemen sonra alınan kan gazı &ouml;rnekleri sonucunda arterial kan gazları, kan pH&rsquo;sı ve oksijen sat&uuml;rasyonu değerleri sırasıyla; PaO2=97,66(&plusmn;10,11), PaCO2=45.50(&plusmn;8.06), pH=7.45(&plusmn;0.02),SaO2=98,30(&plusmn;1,25) olarak ve AAİH modeli hemen sonrası; PaO2=48,83(&plusmn;4,62), PaCO2=45(&plusmn;5.65), pH=7.46(&plusmn;0.02), SaO2=(70,50&plusmn; 3,48) ve de AAİH 60 dk sonrası PaO2=88,00(&plusmn;9,89), PaCO2=36.83(&plusmn;3.48), pH=7.49(&plusmn;0.03), SaO2=101,40(&plusmn;0,55) olarak &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;lm&uuml;şt&uuml;r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; İstatiksel analiz sonucu p&lt;0.05 d&uuml;zeyi anlamlı kabul edildi. Buna g&ouml;re; PaO2; AAİH modeli sonrasında NK&rsquo; ya g&ouml;re azalırken, AAİH sonrasında(60.dk) artmıştır. PaCO2; AAİH sonrası(60.dk), AAİH modeli sonrasına g&ouml;re azalmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak pH ise normaksik koşula g&ouml;re AAİH sonrasi(60.dk) artmıştır. SaO2; AAİH modeli sonrasında NK&rsquo;a g&ouml;re azalmış ve AAİH sonrasında ise(60.dk) artmıştır. PaCO2&rsquo; nin normaksik koşula g&ouml;re AAİH&rsquo;nin 60dk sonrasına g&ouml;re d&uuml;şmesi aralıklı hipoksinin, vLTF&rsquo; i d&uuml;ş&uuml;nd&uuml;ren, kalıcı bir hiperventilasyon başlattığını g&ouml;stermiştir.</p

Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen) in low and high dose on stemness and biological characteristics of human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Purpose The effect of ibuprofen, an NSAID, on biological characteristics such as proliferation, viability, DNA damage and cell cycle in dental pulp derived stem cells (DPSCs) can be important for regenerative medicine. Our aim is to investigate how low and high doses of ibuprofen affect stem cell characteristics in DPSCs. Materials and methods DPSCs were isolated from human teeth and characterized by flow cytometry and differentiation tests. Low dose (0.1 mmol/L) and high dose (3 mmol/L) ibuprofen were administered to DPSCs. Surface markers between groups were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Membrane depolarization, DNA damage, viability and cell cycle analysis were performed between groups using biological activity test kits. Cellular proliferation was measured by the MTT and cell count kit. Statistical analyzes were performed using GraphPad Prism software. Results High dose ibuprofen significantly increased CD44 and CD73 expression in DPSCs. High-dose ibuprofen significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane depolarization in DPSCs. It was determined that DNA damage in DPSCs decreased significantly with high dose ibuprofen. Parallel to this, cell viability increased significantly in the ibuprofen applied groups. High-dose ibuprofen was found to increase mitotic activity in DPSCs. Proliferation in DPSCs increased in parallel with the increase in mitosis stage because of high-dose ibuprofen administration compared to the control and low-dose ibuprofen groups. Our proliferation findings appeared to support cell cycle analyses. Conclusion High dose ibuprofen improved the immunophenotypes and biological activities of DPSCs. The combination of ibuprofen in the use of DPSCs in regenerative medicine can make stem cell therapy more effective

Investigation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-dependent neuroplasticity on rat nucleus tractus solitarius and phrenic nerve after chronic sustained hypoxia

The neuronal system that controls respiration creates plasticity in response to physiological changes. Chronic sustained hypoxia causes neuroplasticity that contributes to ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH). The purpose of this study is to explain the potential roles of the VAH mechanism developing because of chronic sustained hypoxia on respiratory neuroplasticity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor activation on the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and phrenic nerve. In this study 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Subjects were separated into four groups, a moderate-sham (mSHAM), severed-sham (sSHAM), moderate chronic sustained hypoxia (mCSH), and severed chronic sustained hypoxia (sCSH). Normoxic group (mSHAM and sSHAM) rats were exposed to 21% O-2 level (7 days) in the normobaric room while hypoxia group (mCSH and sCSH) rats were exposed to 13% and 10% O-2 level (7 days). Different protocols were applied for normoxic and hypoxia groups and ventilation, respiratory frequency, and tidal volume measurements were made with whole-body plethysmography. After the test HIF-1 alpha, erythropoietin (EPO), and VEGFR-2 expressions on the NTS region in the medulla oblongata and phrenic nerve motor neurons in spinal cord tissue were analyzed using the immunohistochemical stain method. Examinations on the medulla oblongata and spinal cord tissues revealed that HIF-1 alpha, EPO, and VEGFR-2 expressions increased in hypoxia groups compared to normoxic groups while a similar increase was also seen when respiratory parameters were assessed. Consequently, learning about VAH-related neuroplasticity mechanisms developed as a result of chronic continuous hypoxia will contribute to developing new therapeutical approaches to various diseases causing respiratory failure using brain plasticity without recourse to medicines