Timing, Fragmentation of Work and Income Inequality - An Earnings Treatment Effects Approach

Traditional welfare analyses based on money income needs to be broadened by its time dimension. In the course of time the traditional full-time work is diminishing and new labour arrangements are discussed (keyword: flexible labour markets). Our study is contributing to economic well-being by adding insights into particular work effort characteristics - the daily timing of work and its fragmentation - and its resulting income distribution. With our focus on ‘who is working when within a day with which earnings consequences’ we go beyond traditional labour market analyses with its working time division into aggregated full and part time work, working hours spread across a week and weekend, life time working etc. Whereas the first part of our study is describing the distribution of timing and fragmentation of daily work time and its resulting income based on more than 35.000 diaries of the recent German Time Budget Survey 2001/2002, the second part of our study quantifies determinants of arrangement specific earnings functions detecting significant explanatory pattern of what is behind. The economic theory behind is a human capital approach in a market and non-market context, extended by non-market time use, the partner’s working condition, social networking as well as household and regional characteristics. The econometrics use a treatment effects type interdependent estimation of endogenous participation (selection) in a daily working hour pattern (self-selection)and pattern specific earnings function explanation. The overall result: Individual earnings in Germany are dependent on and significant different with regard to the daily working hour arrangement capturing timing and fragmentation of work time. Market and non-market factors are important and significant in explaining earnings.time use and inequality, timing and fragmentation of work time, working hour arrangements, labour supply, earnings explanation, human capital, market and non-market time use, time use diary data, treatment effects modelling, endogenous self-selection, German time budget survey 2001/2002

Timing and fragmentation of daily working hours arrangements and income inequality – An earnings treatment effects approach with German time use diary data

Traditional well-being analyses based on money income needs to be broadened by its time dimension. In the course of time the traditional full-time work is diminishing and new labour arrangements are discussed (keyword: flexible labour markets) with consequences on the daily work arrangements. Our study is contributing to the research on economic well-being and working hours arrangements by adding insights into particular daily work effort characteristics and its resulting income distribution. The work effort characteristics we regard is about labour market flexibility with focus on relations between the daily timing of work and its fragmentation, and its consequences on the income distribution. Whereas the first part of our study is describing the distribution of timing and fragmentation of daily work time and its resulting income based on more than 35.000 diaries of the most recent German Time Budget Survey 2001/2002, the second part of our study quantifies determinants of arrangement specific earnings functions detecting significant explanatory patterns of what is behind. The related economic theory is a human capital approach in a market and non-market context, extended by non-market time use, the partner’s working condition, social networking as well as household and regional characteristics. The econometrics use a treatment effects type interdependent estimation of endogenous participation in a daily working hour pattern (self-selection) and pattern specific earnings function explanation. The overall result: Individual earnings in Germany are dependent on and significant different with regard to the daily working hours arrangement capturing timing and fragmentation of work. Market and non-market factors are important and significant in explaining participation and earnings thereof.Time use and inequality, timing and fragmentation of daily work time, daily working hours arrangements, earnings explanation, human capital, market and non-market time use, German Time Budget Survey 2001/2002, time use diary data, treatment effects modelling, selfselection with endogenous selection

Twenty-ninth Annual Bibliography 2015 (Contemporary German Literature Collection)

The 29th bibliography for 585 volumes added to Washington University Libraries\u27 Contemporary German Literature Collection located on level B of Olin Library. All published in 2015, these acquisitions include novels, poetry, short story collections, essays, autobiographical works, and literary and cultural periodicals from publishers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.This Collection serves as the research arm for the Department of Germanic Languages and Literature\u27s Max Kade Center for Contemporary German Literature. A bibliography of items added the previous year is compiled each year by Washington University\u27s Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures in cooperation with the University Libraries

Twenty-eighth Annual Bibliography 2014 (Contemporary German Literature Collection)

The 28th bibliography for 560 volumes added to Washington University Libraries\u27 Contemporary German Literature Collection. All published in 2014, these acquisitions include novels, poetry, short story collections, essays, autobiographical works, and literary and cultural periodicals mainly from publishers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. A small number of items published in Italy and Luxembourg were also added. This Collection serves as the research arm for the Department of Germanic Languages and Literature\u27s Max Kade Center for Contemporary German Literature. A bibliography of items added the previous year is compiled each year by Washington University\u27s Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures in cooperation with the University Libraries

Tägliche Arbeitszeitmuster und Einkommen von Freien Berufen – Neue Ergebnisse aus der deutschen Zeitbudgeterhebung

Individuelle Wohlfahrtsanalysen konzentrieren sich traditionell auf das monetäre Einkommen. Erst in jüngerer Zeit erlangt die Zeitdimension, der zeitliche Aufwand das jeweilige Einkommen zu erzielen, an Bedeutung auch für die Analyse von materieller Ungleichheit (Stichwort: flexible Arbeitszeiten). In diesem Beitrag sollen dazu die Auswirkungen täglicher Arbeitszeitarrangements – mit Vertiefung hinsichtlich der zeitlichen Lage und der Fragmentierung – auf die Einkommensverteilung anhand der aktuellen deutschlandweiten Zeitbudgetumfrage 2001/2002 des Statistischen Bundesamtes analysiert werden. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Frage gerichtet, ob sich die täglichen Arbeitszeitmuster von Selbständigen, als Freiberufler und Unternehmer, und abhängig Beschäftigten unterscheiden. Insbesondere fragen wir, welche Auswirkungen die mit der Selbständigkeit verbundene Zeitsouveränität auf die individuellen Einkommen hat. Mit der mikroökonometrischen Analyse wird dafür die Signifikanz unterschiedlicher Erklärungsfaktoren sowohl auf die Arbeitszeitarrangements als auch auf die damit verbundenen Einkommen von Freien Berufen herausgearbeitet

Reichtum in Niedersachsen und anderen Bundesländern – Ergebnisse aus der Einkommensteuer-Geschäftsstatistik 2003 für Selbständige (Freie Berufe und Unternehmer) und abhängige Beschäftigte

This contribution analyzes top incomes in the German Federal States for 2003 with focus on Lower-Saxony. Based on the microdata of the German Wage and Income Tax Current Statistics (Einkommensteuer-Geschäftsstatistik) for the first time richness rates and intensities of richness are examined for the self-employed as professions and entrepreneurs as well as for employees. We found large differences between the German Federal States and occupational groups. Even if the share of rich persons in the group of self-employed are substantially higher than in the group of employees the situation of the self-employed varies much between the German Federal States

Reichtum in Niedersachsen und anderen Bundesländern – Ergebnisse aus der Einkommensteuer-Geschäftsstatistik 2003 für Selbständige (Freie Berufe und Unternehmer) und abhängige Beschäftigte

This contribution analyzes top incomes in the German Federal States for 2003 with focus on Lower-Saxony. Based on the microdata of the German Wage and Income Tax Current Statistics (Einkommensteuer-Geschäftsstatistik) for the first time richness rates and intensities of richness are examined for the self-employed as professions and entrepreneurs as well as for employees. We found large differences between the German Federal States and occupational groups. Even if the share of rich persons in the group of self-employed are substantially higher than in the group of employees the situation of the self-employed varies much between the German Federal States

Zum Einkommensreichtum Älterer in Deutschland- Neue Reichtumskennzahlen und Ergebnisse aus der Lohnund Einkommensteuerstatistik (FAST 2001)

This contribution analyzes income richness of elder persons in Germany in 2001. Using actual data of the German Wage and Income Tax Statistics, which are particularly suitable for the analysis of high incomes, new richness indices are discussed and new results are presented. It appears that the the number of rich people in upper age groups are below the average. But deepening results point out the fact that the richness intensity and the concentration of high income are particularly pronounced for upper age groups. Taking into account partial components, which are necessary to the representation of richness, an above-average relevance of income richness can be ascertained for the elderly in Germany in 2001