Analysis of Genotype by Environment Interaction on Cocoa Hybrids (Theobroma Cacao L.) Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot

Phenomenon of genotype by environment interaction was able to influence the stability performance of cocoa resistance to Phytophthora pod rot (PPR). This research had an objective to evaluate the effect of genotype by environment interaction on resistance of cocoa hybrids to PPR. The tested hybrids were F1 crosses between selected clones of TSH 858, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, NIC 7, ICS 13, KEE 2 and KW 165. There were 14 tested hybrids and an open pollinated hybrid of ICS 60 x Sca 12 was used as control in multilocation trials at four different agroclimatic locations, namely Jatirono Estate ((highland-wet climate), Kalitelepak Estate (lowland-wet climate), Kaliwining Experimental Station (low land-dry climate) and Sumber Asin Experimental Station (highland-dry climate). Trials were established in the randomized complete block design with four replications. Resistance to PPR were evaluated based on the percentage of infected pod for the years during wet climate of 2010 in Jatirono, Kalitelepak and Kaliwining followed in dry climate of 2011–2015 in Kaliwining and Sumber Asin. Variance of data were analyzed for detecting the effect of genotype by environment interaction (GxE) then visualized with a graph of genotype main effect and genotype by environment interaction (a graph of GGE) biplot. There was consistently no interaction effect between hybrid and location to PPR incidence which was affected by single factor of hybrid, year, location and interaction between year and location. The effect of year indicated yearly change of weather was more important to PPR incidence than location difference. A graph of GGE biplot indicated a stable performance of the tested hybrids among locations

Optimalisasi Pemungutan Tarif Sewa Pasar Puan Maimun Kabupaten Karimun Tahun 2015-2016

The research present describe the optimalization collect of rent tariff Puan Maimun Market in Karimun Regency. After the reformation so district government has gived a authority to acclerate the development in their territory. One of the effort by district government are tax and retributions. In Karimun Regecy the government have implemented a district regulation number 9 in 2011 about the retributions and Markets are one op potentions source of retributions likes Puan Maimun Markets. In order that since 2015-2016 the collections of rent tariff on Puan Maimun Markets didn't get a targets from the realizations.The research use the methode are qualitative methodes that analyze problem research by describe the subject and object conditions based on real fact. This research use location in Karimun city and researcher collect data from books, government regulation, jurnal, mass media, website and deep interview with informan likes Head of Market Business Unit, Secretary of Market Business Unit, staff of collect rent tariff in Puan Maimun Markets and seller in Puan Maimun Markets.The research shows that describe the optimalization collect of rent tariff Puan Maimun Market in Karimun Regency are have done since 2015 and until 2016 the realization of collect retributions market are 21,42%. Some factors cause low of coordinations between goverment with the seller, low of staff that have job to collect the rent tariif of Puan Maimun Market, low of attention seller to pay the market retributions and the minims of some facilities in Markets that support the activity in Markets so many seller in Karimun City that not payed the retributions

Chromatographic Identification of Leaf Color Characteristics on Fine-flavor and Bulk Cacao as Selection Indicator

A problem encountered in plant breeding process to determine bean color quality of fine-flavor cocoa is a long selection period. Preliminary results indicatedthat the fine-flavor cocoa has a low color reflectance than bulk cocoa. The objectiveof this study is to find more applicable and easier method to do the early detectionof fine-flavor cocoa on the breeding population. Detection of the leaf color haracteristics was done by chromatographic and spectrophotometry analysis. hromatographic analysis was carried out in Kaliwining Experimental Station, IndonesianCoffee and Cocoa Research Institute using complete random design consistedof two types of cocoa; fine-flavor (10 clones) and bulk cocoa (10 clones). pectrophotometric analysis was conducted at Ma Chung University, Malang, East Java.Four clones of bulk cocoa and six clones of fine flavor cocoa were used in thisanalysis. The results of the study showed that the flush color characteristics of thefine-flavor cocoa were different from the bulk cocoa characteristics as shown bythe differences in the value of L*, b* and anthocyanin content. Flush characteristic s ofthe fine-flavor cocoa had brighter color, more toward green with higher yellowlevel, while the bulk cocoa had darker flush, red and lower yellow level. Thecolor parameter of L* and b* had a higher genetic variation compared with theenvironment variation. However, the parameter a* had a higher environmental variation compared with genetic variation. Grouping of fine-flavor cocoa and bulk cocoacould be done through the detection of flush anthocyanin content, when tendencyof flush anthocyanin content on fine-flavor cocoa was lower than bulk cocoa.The detection of flush color particularly L* and b* parameters through hromatographic analysis and anthocyanin content through spectrophotometric analysismay be used as a criteria for selection the fine flavor cocoa on seedling phase

Pengaruh Format Iklan Komparatif dan Non Komparatif terhadap Respon Kognitif dan Niat Perilaku

This research aimed to analyze the influence of comparative advertisement format and non comparative toward cognitive responses and behavioral intentions. In this research, the writer chooses the participants who used mobile cards XL Axiata (XL and Axis) in Special Region of Yogyakarta area. In analyzing the data, the writer uses the quantitative and experiment method conducted by survey. In this research, the writer uses questionnaire for collecting the data. The samples of this research are card mobile users of XL Axiata (XT and Axis) who live in Special Region of Yogyakarta area and fulfill criteria set by the researcher. The number of the samples in this research is 80 participants. The analysis tool in this research, the writer uses the analysis of independent sample t test, two ways anova dan simple regression.Some of the research findings are; there are difference influences between cognitive response of consumers who receive comparative advertising stimuli and noncomparative ads. Then there are average differences between the cognitive responses by stimuli comparative advertising/non-comparative and NFC low/high. The last, a cognitive response effects on consumer behavioral intentions

Pengaruh Ac-Di –Sol Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Dan Laju Disolusi Orally Disintegrating Tablet Piroksikam Dengan Metode Cetak Langsung

Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT) or Fast Release Tablet is solid dosage form whichdisintegrated rapidly in mouth and its residue easy to swallowed. This research observedthe influence of Ac-Di-Sol concentration as disintegrant on physical characteristicsand dissolution rate of piroxicam orally disintegrating tablet which wereprepared by direct compression. Ac-Di-Sol was used in concentration of 1%, 3% and5%, and 0% as control. The powder blend was pressed into tablet by hydraulic presswith a pressure of 1 ton and diameter of 8 mm and its hardness, friability, disintegrationtime and dissolution rate were examined. The results showed that the increasingof Ac-Di-Sol concentration would increase hardness, disintegration time, dissolutionrate and decrease friability of the tablet. From statistical analysis (µ =0,05), it wasshowed that there was significant difference among formulas on the hardness, friability,disintegration time and dissolution rate. The hardness of piroxicam Orally DisintegratingTablet of all formulas were between 0.99 - 2.77 kP, friability were between3.45 – 1.35%, disintegration time were between 223.67 – 20,0 sec and drug releasedat 45 minutes were between 32.71 – 96.25%. From this research, it could be concludedthat formula with 3% concentration of Ac- Di-Sol give the most desirableoutput, even though there was a problem with the friability

Pengaruh Jumlah Tumbuhan Typha Angustifolia Dan Ukuran Media Pasir Yang Berbeda Terhadap Penyisihan Bod Dan Cod Dalam Lindi Dengan Sub Surface Flow Constructed Wetland

Leachate is liquid waste arising as a result of water ingress into external middens,. Leachate contain organic and inorganic substances with high concentration. Therefore, the processing of leachate is very important before being dumped directly into the recipient's body of water. One of the technologies to manipulate the leachate i.e. using constructed wetlands. Artificial wetlands (constructed wetland) is a wastewater treatment system that is suitable for tropical and developing countries like Indonesia because it is cheap, easy to operate and cared for as well as sustainable (Meutia, 2000) this research aims to know the decrease in concentration of COD and BOD with the system sub surface flow constructed wetland was constructed using plant typha angustifolia. In addition, the impact of the number of varieties of plants and the size of the diameter of the sand will be analyzed. Laboratory research conducted for 15 days with 12 reactors. The reactor consists of A 3 diameter 0.2-sand reactor 0, 02mm the number of plants of the 1,3 and 5. The B reactor is made up of 3 sand reactor diameter 2 mm 2-0, the number of plants 1, 3, 5 and 5 C reactor, made up of three reactor sand 20-2 mm diameter, the number of plants of the 1,3 and 5. Each reactor is filled with as many as 4 liters of water lindi. Sampling done every 3 days and measure the concentration of COD and BOD. The amount of allowance in each reactor is as follows: Allowance for BOD reactor with A 13.69-25.83 mg/l, B reactor 35.95-19.76 mg/l, C reactor 42.03-33.93 mg/l. Allowance for COD reactor A with 101.60-54.11 mg/l, B reactor 145.82-68.85 mg/l, C 191.67-reactor 129.44 mg/l