Ultrastructure of the digestive system of Ramazzottius tribulosus and Macrobiotus richtersi (Eutardigrada) in relationship with diet

The ultrastructure of the digestive system of tardigrades was already described in some species, but it has never been studied in relationship to the diet. Therefore, utrastructural analyses of the midgut and hindgut of the phytophagous Ramazzottius tribulosus and the zoophagous Macrobiotus richtersi have been made. In addition, the foregut of R. tribulosus has been also analyzed. For this part new ultrastructural details have been evidenced. Among them, distinct transverse pillar-like structures, lacking in the electron-dense and compact cuticle of the buccal tube; a hole or groups of holes sometime present in the buccal tube; a large cavity within each salivary glands, where secreted mucus is accumulated; one valve made up by folds of the pharynx and located at the transition from pharynx to esophagus, already found in the zoophagous Isohypsibius prosostomus. In both analyzed species the increase of midgut surface is realized by two orders of folds of the gut wall and by microvilli. In R. tribulosus there are many first-order folds and few second-order fold, whereas in M. richtersi we found an opposite pattern. A perithrophic membrane and microvilli with a well developed glycocalix are found only in the midgut lumen of R. tribulosus. The density of microvilli and the ratio between the real surface with microvilli and the hypothetic surface without microvilli is lower in the zoophagous M. richtersi and I. prosostomus than in the phytophagous R. tribulosus. All these data represent an indirect indication of differences in digestion physiology between phytophagous and zoophagous tardigrade species. The shape of the hindgut is similar in both species and in particular the lumen of the hindgut looks as a heart-like cavity with some narrow cell evaginations

The formation of organization flexible development strategy

Many problems faced by modern Russian organizations, may be reduced to the largest ones, one of them is the ability to respond flexibly and cost-effectively respond to market conditions. The need for a flexible strategy development is primarily associated with ongoing significant changes in terms of macroeconomic indicators, the state regulation systems for market processes, financial market conditions and the associated uncertainty. The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibility of a strategy formation for the flexible development of Russian organizations. During the study performance the statistical methods, the methods of strategic management, economic analysis of organization activity, as well as such scientific methods as analysis and synthesis, the systematic approach to the study of the external and the internal environment, socio-economic phenomena and processes as the set of tools. The study revealed the need for organization management strategy change, the method of organization flexibility evaluation was developed, and the offer of flexible development strategy implementation strategy was substantiated through the development of fractal organizations. The methods of an organization flexibility evaluation and separately formulated conclusions can be used during the development and the implementation of a flexible development strategy for large and small organizations, state agencies and non-governmental organizations

Topical issues of influence of "contraction reengineering" on structure of business management

Introduction: This paper is devoted to actual problems of the influence of "contraction reengineering" on enterprises management structure in modern changing environment conditions. The question is a radical rethinking of the existing business management structure and revealing of the competitive potential for existing management structure of enterprises in the conditions of transformation and uncertainty. Methods: In the study we have used methods of financial and economic analysis, a wide range of methodologies of strategic management and financial management, some methods of innovation management, methods of strategy management diagnosis, and innovative methods of business reengineering. Results: "Contraction reengineering" tools are presented in terms of innovative development of the enterprise as the necessary condition for quality transformation. The authors have revealed the main directions of evaluation of changes and risk reduction, justified the choice of the growth rate of enterprise development, and considered an enterprise reengineering management model. Discussion: The paper analyses the approach of M. Hammer that had been developed in the early 90s of XX century and resulted in a broad scientific discussion and that is relevant to the present. The approach of modern Russian scientists on the business process management problem is considered in detail. The authors share the opinion of the economist I.T. Balabanov in matters of dynamics of engineering business processes. We have studied the definitions of engineering, reengineering, introduced the author's definition of "contraction" engineering, and "expansion" engineering. Final Report: Some conclusions formulated can be used in enterprise management to select the most effective methods in terms of the implementation of the key success factors

Numerical modelling of the reinforced concrete beam shear failure

Shear failure of reinforced concrete members is a complex process, which depends on a huge number of different factors. It is less investigated compared to other types of failure. Modern numerical methods, including finite-element method, allow predicting complex behavior of different structures when loaded. This article deals with the detailed nonlinear analysis of the shear failure of the reinforced concrete beam, using Drucker-Prager yield criterion. The results generated based on the finite-element model, developed in ANSYS software, were compared to the results of a laboratory experiment. In addition, the main advantages and disadvantages of this approach were described. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Relationship processes intercompany integration and economic modernization

Today, a sustainable development of the national economy depends on the ability to continually generate innovations which are cardinally different from previous products and services. The result is a system of cooperation between industry, science, and society where innovations become the basis for the development of industry and society. Purpose of the paper is to estimate the relationship between the integration processes with the process of economic modernization. Methods for comprehensive study of the processes of integration relations between small and big businesses in terms of economic modernization were used as a tool. We used an evolutionary approach to the study of phenomena and dialectical systemic approaches, methods of setting and test hypotheses. As a result of the study we have identified that economic modernization creates prerequisites for integration of small and big businesses.In conditions of innovative development of economy big and small businesses utilize those areas in which they have competitive advantages developing an integration and cooperation relations between them. In turn, the integration of small and big businesses has an impact on formation of internal and external economic factors for enterprises activity on which their innovative efforts depends. Individual conclusions formulated can be used by public authorities to develop measures directed to promote the innovative relations

Structure Behaviour Analysis and Detection of Errors Made at the Design Stage

The reconstruction of public buildings is one of the most important fields of construction engineering. Reconstruction works allow not only increasing the service life of buildings, but also improving the quality of premises, equipping buildings with more advanced utility equipment, enhancing the architectural appearance of buildings, and increasing their energy efficiency. An individual approach to the development of reconstruction methods and procedures shall be taken for buildings built in different years. Furthermore, when developing a reconstruction project it is very important to use actual versions of relevant normative documents and consider the effect of structures being installed on the main load-bearing structures of a reconstructed building. It is also necessary to analyze the influence of new structures on the existing structures of the building. This work contains the analysis of behavior of reconstructed roofed market structures. Errors made during the reconstruction are highlighted. The results of analyses are described and the conclusion regarding the load-bearing capacity of the reconstructed building framework is given. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

New technologies and their impact on the development of the labor market

This paper deals with the study of the current scientific discussions on the formation of the "digital economy" and changes in the labor market. A scientific discussion on the impact of digital technology in the work spheres is a deliberate discussion and is conducted by many market participants. The problems of employment and labor, spheres in which digital trends gain more importance are analyzed. Actual changes in the labor market involve the presence of certain risks and opportunities. Risks and opportunities should be analyzed and presented in the form of development trends. The trends of changes can be considered from the standpoint of socio-economic, economic, technological and managerial processes. In this regard, the matrix of the demand for elements of the productivity of human resources has been developed. We carried out classification of labor force in accordance with the elements of productivity. The distribution of the demand for labor resources in the modern labor market is shown. The processes of participation change, occupational safety, social and economic consequences are considered. The complex of systems of and the basic preconditions for the formation of a new format of the labor market are analyzed. Objective of the study is to analyze the impact of the main digital technologies on the labor market, and, accordingly, to identify and describe the stages of the transformation of the labor market, to find possible options for the demand for the elements of productivity of human resources

The problems of the Arctic region in modern international journalism: examples and features

The article is devoted to the review of problems of the Arctic region presented in modern international journalism on the example of the travel essay by the international journalist S. Pashkevich “Letters from the Edge of the World. Traveling to Russian America” and the TV program “30 days in the Arctic with Ville Haapasalo”. These works are selected as examples of international journalists covering the problems of the Arctic region in different formats (print and tv) and the longterm perspective. As a result of the analysis, we can conclude on the general topic of chosen journalism works — the way of life of residents. The choice of problems is determined by the genre features of the texts presented: if Pashkevich's letters are more of a lyrical journalism work whose purpose is to show the life of “Russian” Alaskans with an emphasis on general Russian-American history; Ville Haapasalo's TV program combines entertainment and information components, and to a certain extent entertaining component (stories about hunting, fishing, participation of the facilitator in these classes) is balanced by the presentation of various problems from which residents of the Arctic region of Russia

Experience of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Tatarstan in the Prevention of Internal epidemiological Risks During the Preparation and Holding of the FIFA World Cup-2018

Objective of the study was to describe the organization of epidemiological surveillance over internal risks associated with the intensification of natural-focal diseases in the Republic of Tatarstan, analysis of the measures taken to prevent natural focal diseases during the preparation and holding of the FIFA World Cup-2018. Materials and methods. The data from surveys and forecasts as regards the numbers of small mouse-like rodents as carriers and arthropod vectors of natural-focal diseases, epizootic and epidemiological situation reports in the Republic of Tatarstan and information on infectious and parasitic disease morbidity rates in the Republic of Tatarstan, presented by the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan over 2015-2018 were utilized for analysis. Results and conclusions. The natural conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan are favorable for the circulation of pathogens of natural-focal diseases, which carriers are mammals (primarily small rodents) and birds, and vectors - blood-sucking arthropods: Ixodidae ticks, mosquitoes. The results of circulation monitoring of natural focal infection pathogens in the ambient environment made it possible to conclude that during the FIFA World Cup-2018, the epidemic risk of occurrence of natural-focal diseases would remain high. Considering the existing and forecasted internal risks, priorities were identified in the organization of preventive measures aimed at minimizing epidemiological risks in relation to natural-focal infections during the preparation and holding of the FIFA World Cup 2018. The chosen preventive strategy made it possible to prevent the infection with natural-focal infectious diseases among the population and ensure a stable epidemiological situation during the FIFA World Cup-2018

Provision of Biological Safety in the Territory of the Republic of Tatarstan during Preparation and Holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 in Kazan

Objective – assessment of effectiveness of the measures for biological safety provision at potentially hazardous facilities in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in the process of preparation and holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 in Kazan. Materials and methods. Regulatory-legal acts covering the requirements to the provision of biological safety during the work with pathogenic biological agents, international guidelines and documents determining inter-agency collaboration between the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Tatarstan and other departments and inter-agency task forces (Office of the Federal Security Bureau of Russia in the Republic of Tatarstan, Counter-Terrorism Commission in the Republic of Tatarstan, etc) were studied. Results and discussion. Considered were managerial-methodological approaches and matters of inter-agency cooperation on biological safety provision during preparation and holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 in Kazan. Biological safety was examined through the prism of its provision while working with pathogenic biological agents at potentially hazardous biological facilities and  counterterrorism integrity of the objects. The guiding, directive document in the performance of the complex of measures on biological safety provision and inter-agency collaboration was the Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 09, 2017 No 202 “On peculiarities of application of reinforced security measures during holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 and FIFA Confederations Cup-2017 in Russia”. As the result of the measures conducted, biological safety, including counter-terrorism security of potentially hazardous biological objects and sanitary-epidemiological welfare, was fully provided