Socio-technical transition processes: A real option based reasoning.

Using a real option reasoning perspective we study the uncertainties and irreversibilities that impact the investment decisions of firms during the different phases of technological transitions. The analysis of transition dynamics via real options reasoning allows the provision of an alternative and more qualified explanation of investment decisions according to the sequentiality of pathways considered. In our framework, flexibility management through option investments concerns both the incumbent and the future technological regime. In the first case it refers to ex-post flexibility management and in the second case to ex-ante flexibility management.

Science besed entrepreneurship through the lens of sectoral and national innovation systems : French academic start-ups developing hydrogen and fuel cell technologies

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Chapter 7 : Science based entrepreneurship through the lens of sectoral and national innovation systems : French academic start-ups developing hydrogen and fuel cell technologies: Part. 1 Economics of creativity, ideas and policies

International audienceThe necessity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in energy production, to diversify energy resources and liberalization trends in the energy sector have motivated market oriented innovative approaches to develop sustainable technologies. In this context academic start-ups (ASUs) may be an important driver for creativity to bring science based breakthrough environmental innovations to the market and make use of opportunities that otherwise would go unnoticed. In fact, ASUs, although far more risky than other means for research valorization (e.g., collaborative research schemes, licensing of patented university inventions), attract a great deal of policy attention in considering academic entrepreneurship as a means to connect more closely scientifi c creativity and market opportunities. Traditionally, several arguments justify public support for ASUs. They concern fi rst information / knowledge asymmetries and R&D market imperfections (Hall, 2002 ; Schneider and Veugelers, 2010 ; Takalo and Tanayama, 2010 ). A second argument in favor of public support is that, while developing breakthrough technologies, ASUs can generate social benefits that are in excess of the private returns they can capture (Nelson, 1959 ). From a macro policy perspective ASUs can critically contribute to overall creativity of the economic system by acting as engines in the industry exploration-exploitation discovery cycle (Gilsing and Nooteboom, 2006 ). In this respect ASUs can be seen as a key resource in the collective creativity process both through failure and success (McGrath, 1999 ). Third, when the environment is taken into account, there is the necessity, because of the double externality problem (Jaffe et al ., 2005 ), to coordinate innovation and environmental policies to reduce negative external costs. In this context, ASUs have the potential through breakthrough innovations to contribute to technological regime shifts and improve the social efficiency of environmental policies

Perspectives for the Development of Fuel Cells and Hydrogen as an Energy Vector in the Transportation Sector

International audienceThe European Union (EU) and Japan share a common commitment towards promoting scientific and technological research. Bilateral collaboration in the field of science and technology is based on an overarching Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement that was signed in 2009 and entered into force on 20 March 2011. Two important documents were further adopted in May 2015: the "Joint Vision" towards a closer relationship in research and innovation and the New Strategic Partnership in Research and Innovation between the European Commission and the Government of Japan. Finally, the EU-Japan Strategic Partnership Agreement strengthens the overall bilateral partnership by promoting political and sectoral cooperation and joint actions on issues of common interest. The EU has a close relationship with its counterparts in the Japanese government. On science and technology policy, there is the regular Joint Committee on scientific and technological cooperation (a summary of the Sixth Joint Committee Meeting that took place on 29 November 2021 is available here). In the field of digital policies, there are annual dialogues with Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Science besed entrepreneurship through the lens of sectoral and national innovation systems : French academic start-ups developing hydrogen and fuel cell technologies

International audienc

Perspectives for the Development of Fuel Cells and Hydrogen as an Energy Vector in the Transportation Sector

International audienceThe European Union (EU) and Japan share a common commitment towards promoting scientific and technological research. Bilateral collaboration in the field of science and technology is based on an overarching Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement that was signed in 2009 and entered into force on 20 March 2011. Two important documents were further adopted in May 2015: the "Joint Vision" towards a closer relationship in research and innovation and the New Strategic Partnership in Research and Innovation between the European Commission and the Government of Japan. Finally, the EU-Japan Strategic Partnership Agreement strengthens the overall bilateral partnership by promoting political and sectoral cooperation and joint actions on issues of common interest. The EU has a close relationship with its counterparts in the Japanese government. On science and technology policy, there is the regular Joint Committee on scientific and technological cooperation (a summary of the Sixth Joint Committee Meeting that took place on 29 November 2021 is available here). In the field of digital policies, there are annual dialogues with Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Technological Innovation, Organizational Change and Product-Related Services

International audienceno abstrac

Technological Innovation, Organizational Change and Product-Related Services

International audienceno abstrac

Between market forces and knowledge based motives : the governance of defence innovation in the UK

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A Study of Military Innovation Diffusion Based on Two Case Studies

Why Analyze Innovation Policies From a Knowledge- Based Perspective? It is broadly accepted that we have moved (or are moving) to a knowled- based economy, characterized at least by two main features: that knowl edge is a major factor in economic growth, and innovation processes are systemic by nature. It is not surprising that this change in the economic paradigm requires new analytical foundations for innovation policies. One of the purposes of this book is to make suggestions as to what they should include. Underpinning all the chapters in this book is a conviction of the impor tance of dynamic and systemic approaches to innovation policy. Nelson (1959) and Arrow (1962) saw innovation and the creation of new knowl edge as the emergence and the diffusion of new information, characterized essentially as a public good. The more recent theoretical literature regarded the rationale for innovation policies as being to provide solutions to "mar ket failures". Today, however, knowledge is seen as multidimensional (tacit vs. codified) and open to interpretation. Acknowledging that the creation, coordination and diffusion of knowledge are dynamic and cumu lative processes, and that innovation processes result from the coordination of distributed knowledge, renders the "market failure" view of innovation policies obsolete. Innovation policies must be systemic and dynamic