166 research outputs found

    Les reprĂ©sentations de la Bretagne dans l’iconographie postale française au XXe siĂšcle

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    La pĂ©rennitĂ© des Ă©missions de timbres-poste, depuis leur crĂ©ation au milieu du XIXe siĂšcle, peut surprendre. En effet, en dĂ©pit d’un processus de fabrication plutĂŽt lourd, elles semblent survivre aux alĂ©as de la conjoncture politique et Ă©conomique. Une telle permanence aurait pu susciter, tout du moins Ă©veiller, un intĂ©rĂȘt historiographique ; d’autant que ces fragiles symboles de la souverainetĂ© nationale sont devenus de plus en plus complexes au fil des annĂ©es. DĂ©diĂ©s Ă  la cĂ©lĂ©bration du « gĂ©nie français », ils possĂšdent Ă©galement une dimension territoriale dont l’expression graphique n’est pas toujours dĂ©nuĂ©e d’ambiguĂŻtĂ©s.From their creation in the middle of the 19th century to nowadays, the durability of the emissions of stamps may be surprise. In fact, in spite of a heavy makingprocess, they seem survive to the evolutions of the political and economic circumstances. These permanency could awaken an historiographical interest, all the more since these iconography convoyed by these fragile mediums of national sovereignty have become more and more complicated. Consecrated to a celebration of the “French genius”, she have a territorial dimension too, whose graphic expression is not always devoid of ambiguitie

    Les reprĂ©sentations de la Bretagne dans l’iconographie postale française au XXe siĂšcle

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    La pĂ©rennitĂ© des Ă©missions de timbres-poste, depuis leur crĂ©ation au milieu du XIXe siĂšcle, peut surprendre. En effet, en dĂ©pit d’un processus de fabrication plutĂŽt lourd, elles semblent survivre aux alĂ©as de la conjoncture politique et Ă©conomique. Une telle permanence aurait pu susciter, tout du moins Ă©veiller, un intĂ©rĂȘt historiographique ; d’autant que ces fragiles symboles de la souverainetĂ© nationale sont devenus de plus en plus complexes au fil des annĂ©es. DĂ©diĂ©s Ă  la cĂ©lĂ©bration du « gĂ©nie français », ils possĂšdent Ă©galement une dimension territoriale dont l’expression graphique n’est pas toujours dĂ©nuĂ©e d’ambiguĂŻtĂ©s.From their creation in the middle of the 19th century to nowadays, the durability of the emissions of stamps may be surprise. In fact, in spite of a heavy makingprocess, they seem survive to the evolutions of the political and economic circumstances. These permanency could awaken an historiographical interest, all the more since these iconography convoyed by these fragile mediums of national sovereignty have become more and more complicated. Consecrated to a celebration of the “French genius”, she have a territorial dimension too, whose graphic expression is not always devoid of ambiguitie

    La part celtique dans l'héritage culturel et politique des comptoirs français de l'océan Indien

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    From the inception of French Orient Company in 1642 to the end of the royal privilege bequeathed to the French East Indian Company in 1767, stretches the French trading post colonial period in the Indian Ocean. During more than one century, hundreds of colonists coming from littoral Brittany, Normans or Poitiers will settle in these outlandish outposts: In Fort Dauphin (Madagascar), in Bourbon Island, in MahĂ© (India), Chandernagor, Karikal, Yanaon, Isle de France, Rodrigues and the Seychelles. The settlers possess the cultural psyche of their compatriot of western France characterised by a deep celting rooting. Why does the western France possess such a specific feature? Because this part of France has been relatively spared by the many invasions coming from the South and the East of Europe: romanization and germanization. This thesis describes celtism witch was displayed in those regions and it has enriched “indoceanic interculturality”.De la crĂ©ation de la compagnie d'Orient en 1642 Ă  la fin du privilĂšge de la compagnie française des Indes en 1767, s'Ă©tend la pĂ©riode des comptoirs français de l'ocĂ©an Indien. Pendant plus d'un siĂšcle, on assiste Ă  l'installation dans chacun d'eux de quelques centaines de colons, venus en majoritĂ© des cĂŽtes bretonnes, normandes et poitevines. OĂč se fixent-ils durablement ? D'abord au Fort Dauphin, puis Ă  l'Ăźle Bourbon, Ă  PondichĂ©ry, MahĂ©, Chandernagor, Karikal, Yanaon, Ă  l'Ăźle de France, Ă  Rodrigues et enfin aux Seychelles. Ces colons ont la mentalitĂ© de leurs compatriotes de l'ouest de la France, marquĂ©e par un profond ancrage des caractĂšres celtiques. Pourquoi l'Ouest possĂšde-t-il ce particularisme ? Parce qu'il a Ă©tĂ© relativement Ă©pargnĂ© par les invasions venues du sud et de l'Est de l'Europe (romanisation, germanisation). Cette thĂšse dĂ©finit le celtisme qui s'y est maintenu et ce qu'il a pu apporter Ă  l'interculturalitĂ© indocĂ©anique

    Ethnographie et désidentifications

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    Cet article discute les articulations thĂ©oriques entre pentecĂŽtisme et migrations en comparant la participation d’un ethnographe Ă  la marge du travail religieux de deux Églises, et les identifications dont il fait l’objet au regard de ses positions relatives dans les rapports sociaux. À partir de ces enquĂȘtes chez soi mais non parmi les siens, puis autre mais parmi d’autres autres, nous considĂ©rons les aspects dĂ©sidentificatoires de la conversion, de la migration, et de l’ethnographie

    Le patrimoine postal de la Grande Guerre

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    La PremiĂšre Guerre mondiale et l’histoire postale entretiennent depuis longtemps des rapports Ă©troits et complexes. Les lettres adressĂ©es par les combattants Ă  leur famille ou Ă  leurs proches sont aujourd’hui l’une des sources privilĂ©giĂ©es de la mĂ©moire du conflit. Il ne s’agit pourtant que d’une myriade de tĂ©moignages individuels dont la collation ne permet pas d’apprĂ©hender, mĂȘme de maniĂšre approximative, les reprĂ©sentations collectives. GĂ©nĂ©ralement associĂ©s Ă  ces correspondances, les timbres-poste en constituent en revanche un reflet, aussi rĂ©vĂ©lateur qu’ignorĂ©, car trĂšs largement desservi tant par la modestie du format que par une paradoxale pĂ©rennitĂ©.The histories of the First World War and of postal services have long since been intertwined with close and complex connections. The letters sent by soldiers to their families and their loved ones today represent one of the principal sources for the memory of the war. But these letters are no more than a myriad of individual stories which do not allow for even the vaguest of collective representations. Generally associated with these letters, postage stamps also offer a reflection of the story of the war. The stamp is a source which is both revealing and poorly appreciated, paid little attention on account of its tiny size and the long-term familiarity of its appearance

    Complexation des actinides (III, IV et V) par des acides organiques

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    L acquisition de donnĂ©es structurales et thermodynamiques relatives Ă  des systĂšmes actinides (An(III), Pu(IV) Pa(V)) acides organiques polyfonctionnels (citrique, NTA, DTPA), en solution aqueuse, vise Ă  une meilleure comprĂ©hension des interactions actinides-ligands essentielle Ă  l optimisation de procĂ©dĂ©s de sĂ©paration, de dĂ©corporation, et Ă©galement Ă  l Ă©valuation de la sĂ»retĂ© des sites de stockage de dĂ©chets radioactifs. Le comportement du protactinium pentavalent Ă  l Ă©chelle des traces en prĂ©sence des anions citrates et NTA a fait l objet d Ă©tudes systĂ©matiques par extraction liquide-liquide dans le systĂšme TTA/ToluĂšne/HClO /NaClO /Pa(V)/ligands. AprĂšs avoir dĂ©terminĂ© l ordre limite des complexes (3 pour Pa(V)-Cit et 2 pour Pa(V)-NTA), les constantes de formation associĂ©es Ă  chaque espĂšce ont pu ĂȘtre calculĂ©es. L Ă©tude multi-technique (Ă©lectrophorĂšse capillaire et spectrofluomĂ©trie laser) sur la complexation des An(III) par le DTPA, rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă  plusieurs pH, a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence la coexistence des complexes mono-protonĂ© (AnHDTPA ) et dĂ©protonĂ©. (AnDTPA ) pour des solutions acides et faiblement acides. Une rĂ©interprĂ©tation des donnĂ©es de la littĂ©rature, en considĂ©rant les deux complexes, a permis de faire converger les valeurs des constantes de complexation des espĂšces qui Ă©taient jusqu Ă  maintenant dispersĂ©es. L Ă©tude thermodynamique a ensuite Ă©tĂ© complĂ©tĂ©e par une Ă©tude thĂ©orique (calculs DFT). La structure des complexes protonĂ© et non protonĂ© et le mode de coordination du Curium ont ainsi Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablis. L Ă©tude exploratoire sur la complexation du Pu(IV) par le DTPA dans des conditions de pH proches du milieu biologique a nĂ©cessitĂ© le dĂ©veloppement d un protocole expĂ©rimental en trois Ă©tapes : protection de Pu(IV) contre l hydrolyse avec NTA (pH faible), augmentation du pH vers des conditions neutres, compĂ©tition entre la complexation de Pu(IV) par le NTA et le DTPA. Les expĂ©riences prĂ©liminaires rĂ©alisĂ©es entre pH 1,5 et 3,5 par Ă©lectrophorĂšse capillaire (EC-ICP-MS), semblent indiquer l existence d effet cinĂ©tique ou/et l existence d un complexe mixte. Les interprĂ©tations faites lors de cette Ă©tude exploratoire sont Ă  confirmer.A thorough knowledge of the chemical properties of actinides is now required in a wide variety of fields: extraction processes involved in spent fuel reprocessing, groundwater in the vicinity of radioactive waste packages, environmental and biological media in the case of accidental release of radionuclides. In this context, the present work has been focused on the complexation of Am(III), Cm(III), Cf(III), Pu(IV) and Pa(V) with organic ligands: DTPA, NTA and citric acid. The complexation of pentavalent protactinium with citric and nitrilotriacetic acids was studied using liquid-liquid extraction with the element at tracer scale (CPa < 10-10M). The order and the mean charge of each complex were determined from the analysis of the systematic variations of the distribution coefficient of Pa(V) as function of ligand and proton concentration. Then, the apparent formation constants related of the so-identified complexes were calculated. The complexation of trivalent actinides with DTPA was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE-ICP-MS). The coexistence of the mono-protonated and non-protonated complexes (AnHDTPA and AnDTPA ) in acidic media (1.5 <= pH <= 3.5) was shown unambiguously. Literature data have been reinterpreted by taking into account both complexes and a consistent set of formation constants of An(III)-DTPA has been obtained. The experimental study was completed by theoretical calculations (DFT) on Cm-DTPA system. The coordination geometry of Cm in CmDTPA - and CmHDTPA- including water molecules in the first coordination sphere has been determined as well as interatomic distances. Finally, a study on the complexation of Pu(IV) with DTPA was initiated in order to more closely mimic physiological conditions. A three-step approach was proposed to avoid plutonium hydrolysis: i/ complexation of Pu(IV) with (NTA) in order to protect Pu(IV) from hydrolysis (at low pH) ii/ increase of pH toward neutral conditions and iii/ competition between the complexation of Pu with NTA and with DTPA. The preliminary experiments performed with CE-ICP-MS in the pH range 1.5 - 3.5 tend to indicate kinetic effect or/and the presence of mixed complex.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. Ă©lectronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination Status Among Parents of Hospitalized Children Younger Than 5 Years With SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Delta and Omicron Waves.

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    This cohort study uses COVID-19 Pediatric Observatory study data to analyze the vaccination status of parents with young children hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Omicron

    Presentations of children to emergency departments across Europe and the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational observational study

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    BACKGROUND: During the initial phase of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, reduced numbers of acutely ill or injured children presented to emergency departments (EDs). Concerns were raised about the potential for delayed and more severe presentations and an increase in diagnoses such as diabetic ketoacidosis and mental health issues. This multinational observational study aimed to study the number of children presenting to EDs across Europe during the early COVID-19 pandemic and factors influencing this and to investigate changes in severity of illness and diagnoses. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Routine health data were extracted retrospectively from electronic patient records of children aged 18 years and under, presenting to 38 EDs in 16 European countries for the period January 2018 to May 2020, using predefined and standardized data domains. Observed and predicted numbers of ED attendances were calculated for the period February 2020 to May 2020. Poisson models and incidence rate ratios (IRRs), using predicted counts for each site as offset to adjust for case-mix differences, were used to compare age groups, diagnoses, and outcomes. Reductions in pediatric ED attendances, hospital admissions, and high triage urgencies were seen in all participating sites. ED attendances were relatively higher in countries with lower SARS-CoV-2 prevalence (IRR 2.26, 95% CI 1.90 to 2.70, p < 0.001) and in children aged <12 months (12 to <24 months IRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.89; 2 to <5 years IRR 0.80, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.82; 5 to <12 years IRR 0.68, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.70; 12 to 18 years IRR 0.72, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.74; versus age <12 months as reference group, p < 0.001). The lowering of pediatric intensive care admissions was not as great as that of general admissions (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.45, p < 0.001). Lower triage urgencies were reduced more than higher triage urgencies (urgent triage IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.12; emergent and very urgent triage IRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.49 to 1.57; versus nonurgent triage category, p < 0.001). Reductions were highest and sustained throughout the study period for children with communicable infectious diseases. The main limitation was the retrospective nature of the study, using routine clinical data from a wide range of European hospitals and health systems. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in ED attendances were seen across Europe during the first COVID-19 lockdown period. More severely ill children continued to attend hospital more frequently compared to those with minor injuries and illnesses, although absolute numbers fell. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN91495258 https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91495258
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