Control of Alternaria solani and Xanthomonas vesicatoria in tomato by Pycnoporus sanguineus formulated extract

The continuous use of pesticides protecting plants from diseases can result in several damages due the environmental pollution and food residues. Thus, it is necessary the search for new plant diseases control technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity against Alternaria solani and Xanthomonas vesicatoria and the control of early blight and bacterial spot on tomato plants, using stable formulation, as soluble powder, from Pycnoporus sanguineus. To determine the shelf life, the soluble powder was kept at 40 oC during 0, 60, 120 and 180 days and assayed with five concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1). When the shelf life and the best concentrations were defined, it was evaluated the time-interval of spraying of seven, 14 and 21 days. As control treatments were used the fungicides azoxystrobin (200 mg of active ingredient – a.i mL-1) to early blight and oxychloride (400 mg a.i. mL-1) to bacterial spot. There were no in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities from extracts. The calculated concentration of P. sanguineus extract for the best control of diseases was 130 mg L-1, with 24 months of shelf live to soluble powder. In vivo, the P. sanguineus extract gave the same control of fungicides to early blight and bacterial spot, with values up to 79,31% of disease reduction, with spraying at seven days. These results show that the aqueous extract obtained from P. sanguineus soluble powder formulation, can protect tomato plants against early blight and bacterial spot, probably by resistance induction.  The continuous use of pesticides protecting plants against diseases can result in several damages due the environmental pollution and food residues. Thus, it is necessary the search for new plant diseases control technologies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity against Alternaria solani and Xanthomonas vesicatoria and the control of early blight and bacterial spot on tomato plants, using stable formulation, as soluble powder, from Pycnoporus sanguineus. To determine the shelf life, the soluble powder was kept at 40 ºC during 0, 60, 120 and 180 days and assayed with five concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1). When the shelf life and the best concentrations were defined, it was evaluated the time-interval of spraying of seven, 14 and 21 days. As control treatments were used the fungicides azoxystrobin (200 mg of active ingredient – a.i mL-1) to early blight and oxychloride (400 mg a.i. mL-1) to bacterial spot. There were no in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities from extracts. The calculated concentration of P. sanguineus extract for the best control of diseases was 130 mg L-1, with 24 months of shelf live to soluble powder. In vivo, the P. sanguineus extract gave the same control of fungicides to early blight and bacterial spot, with values up to 79.31% of disease reduction, with spraying at seven days. These results show that the aqueous extract obtained from P. sanguineus soluble powder formulation, can protect tomato plants against early blight and bacterial spot, probably by resistance induction

Geração de resíduos provenientes da suinocultura na região Oeste do Paraná: Um caso de insustentabilidade

In Parana (Brazil), pork production has been present since the beginning of colonization of the state, especially in the West, where it was just a subsistence activity for families and subsequently has become a source of family income. In the microregion of Entre Rios do Oeste, the main economic activity is agriculture, with a concentration on the production of 916.66 swines/km2 , but  an increase of over 50% in the activity is estimated for 2012. However, like any other human activities, hog interacts with the environment, which creates great concerns from the environmental point of view, because this is one of the agricultural activities with the largest polluting potential due to the volume of waste produced and its composition. With high concentrations of organic matter, nutrients and pathogens, piggery waste is a hundred times more polluting than urban sewage. Keywords: pig farming, environment, Parana.No Paraná, a produção de suínos se faz presente desde o início da colonização, principalmente na região Oeste, quando era apenas uma atividade de subsistência para as famílias e posteriormente se tornou uma fonte de renda familiar. Na microrregião de Entre Rios do Oeste  -  PR, a principal atividade econômica do Município está ligada a agropecuária na qual existe uma concentração na produção de 916,66 suínos/km2 atualmente, mas o município relata aumento para 2012 de mais 50% na atividade. Todavia, como as demais atividades humanas, a suinocultura interage com o meio ambiente o que gera grandes preocupações do ponto de vista ambiental, pois esta é uma das atividades agropecuárias de maior potencial poluidor em função do volume de dejetos produzidos e da sua composição, com altas cargas de matéria orgânica, nutrientes e patógenos,  os dejetos suínos possuem 100 vezes mais poluentes que o esgoto urbano

Atividade antimicrobiana de formulados a base de Alecrim contra Xanthomonas Campestris PV. Campestris e alternaria brassicae / Antimicrobial activity of rosemary based formulates on Xanthomonas Campestris PV. Campestris and alternaria brassicae

Considerando a demanda por produtos fitossanitários alternativos aos tradicionais pesticidas, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de formulados orgânico e químico a base de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis) sobre Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) e Alternaria brassicae isolados de couve folha. A atividade antibacteriana in vitro foi realizada a partir de colônia jovens (com 32 h) de Xcc preparada em suspensão 1x108 UFC mL-1 com solução salina (0,85% de NaCl) estéril em tubos de ensaio contendo 5 mL do meio de cultura caldo nutriente, acrescido dos tratamentos 0 (meio de cultura); 0,5%; 1%; 2%; 4% e 6% (massa/volume), avaliando-se a absorbância a 580 nm. A atividade antifúngica in vitro foi feita em meio de cultura suco V8-ágar, esterilizado em autoclave e vertido em placas de Petri, avaliando-se diâmetro das colônias e esporulação, bem como a germinação de esporos em lâminas de microscopia recobertas com ágar-água 1%. Os formulados químico e orgânico reduziram o crescimento de Xcc em 74,5% e 54,8%, respectivamente. Houve inibição do crescimento micelial, esporulação e germinação de esporos de A. brassicae em todas as concentrações testadas de maneira dose-dependente. Houve inibição do crescimento micelial em 40% e 33%, esporulação em 61,35% e 54,5% e na germinação de conídios em 77,41% e 68,22% no formulado químico e orgânico, respectivamente, na concentração 6%. Esses resultados indicam o potencial antimicrobiano dos formulados sobre X. campestris pv. campestris e A. brassicae

Biological properties of turmeric

Curcuma spp. (turmeric) has been used since ancient days in popular medicine and gastronomy. Many of its bioactive compounds have just recently been identified and characterized as potential source of new medicines. In this review will relate aspects of cultivated turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), including taxonomy, chemical composition, production and processing, and biological activities such as the action against fungi, bacteria, nematodes, protozoa and viruses, including those of importance for human health, agriculture and food science