Fluorescence image (40X) of wild type OBNS/PC at day 5 post differentiation (passage 15).

<p>The OBNS/PC were stained for the NSC phenotype markers nestin (green) and GFAP (green, b, c, and red, d), MAP (red, c), β-TubulinIII (red, b). Cell nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst (blue, a-f). At the immunohistochemical level, differentiated wild type OBNS/PC exhibited positive immunoreactivity for astrocytes marker (65-75%) (B, C, D), MAP2, mature neuronal marker (8%) (C), β-TubulinIII, early neuronal marker (3%) (B).</p

The differentiation potential of OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF was assessed by examining their reactivity against different neuronal and glial cells molecular markers between passage 12-15.

<p>In comparison to wild type (control) OBNS/PC and OBNS/PC-GFP, differentiated OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF exhibited positive immunoreactivity for GFAP astrocytes marker (45-55%) (D,E,F), MAP2 mature neuronal marker (25-30%) (C,D,F). β-TubulinIII, immmature neuronal marker (6%) (A,B,E). The nuclei were stained blue with Hoechst.</p

Western blot data revealed that the NGF protein levels look similar although the NGF levels were higher in differentiated OBNS/PC-GFP-NGF respect to OBNS/PC-GFP.

<p>Up- regulation of early oligodendroglia markers (PDGFRα, NG2 and CNPase) was observed in OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF respect to OBNS/PC-GFP. Sox2 and Oct4 were up-regulated in OBNS/PC-GFP vs. OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF. Nurr1, TH, NeuroD1 and β-TubulinIII expression were similarly expressed in the 4 cell populations. Survival genes (ERK, AKT1, CREB) were differently modulated between the 4 classes of cell populations; high-affinity Trk receptor was down modulated in differentiated cell populations vs proliferated ones. <b>B</b>. Without T3+PDGFAA, 14% of the differentiated OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF exhibited positive immunoreactivity for NG2 oligodendrocyte marker. <b>C</b>. In the presence of T3+PDGFAA, almost 25% of differentiated OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF were NG2 positive. The nuclei were stained blue with Hoechst.</p

Between P7 and P10 the OBNS/PC were infected with lentivirus transducing GFP.

<p>Differentiation of OBNS/PC-GPP was applied between passage 12-15. The differentiated OBNS/PC-GFP exhibited positive immunoreactivity for GFAP astrocytes marker (60-70%) (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082206#pone-0082206-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5, A,B,C,D</a>), MAP2 mature neuronal marker (15%) (C, D), β-TubulinIII immature neuronal marker (8%) (A,B), NG2 positive cells w/o T3 + PDGFAA (E) (7-8%), and with T3 + PDGFAA (F) (16%). The nuclei were stained blue with Hoechst.</p

Phase contrast microscope image for OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF (a,b), and wild type OBNS/PC (c,d) at day four of differentiation.

<p>The OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF were more confluent and showed extensively branched processes in comparison to the wild type OBNS/PC.</p

Heatmap of representative cluster transcripts involved in NGF signaling.

<p>A. OBNS/PC-GFP proliferation (OBNSC prol.), OBNS/PC-hNGF proliferation (NGF prol.), OBNS/PC-GFP differentiation (OBNSC diff.), and OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF differentiation (NGF diff). Transcripts that are highly up-regulated are red compared with the down-regulated ones which are green. NGF is up-regulated in OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF respect to OBNS/PC-GFP in proliferation conditions. In differentiation conditions NGF is repressed in both of cell. B. Elisa results showing significant differences between NGF protein levels in OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF compared to control cells. C. hNGF signal intensity between OBNS/PC-GFP and OBNS/PC-GFP-hNGF. Biological replicates (n=3) of the aforementioned 4 cell classes were compared under proliferation and differentiation conditions.</p

Willingness to participate in genome testing: a survey of public attitudes from Qatar

Genomics has the potential to revolutionize medical approaches to disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, but it does not come without challenges. The success of a national population-based genome program, like the Qatar Genome Program (QGP), depends on the willingness of citizens to donate samples and take up genomic testing services. This study explores public attitudes of the Qatari population toward genetic testing and toward participating in the QGP. A representative sample of 837 adult Qataris was surveyed in May 2016. Approximately 71% of respondents surveyed reported that they were willing to participate in the activities of the QGP. Willingness to participate was significantly associated with basic literacy in genetics, a family history of genetic diseases, and previous experience with genetic testing through premarital screening. Respondents cited the desire to know more about their health status as the principle motivation for participating, while lack of time and information were reported as the most important barriers. With QGP plans to ramp up the scale of its national operation toward more integration into clinical care settings, it is critical to understand public attitudes and their determinants. The results demonstrate public support but also identify the need for more education and individual counseling that not only provide information on the process, challenges, and benefits of genomic testing, but that also address concerns about information security.Other Information Published in: Journal of Human Genetics License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s10038-020-0806-y</p