DATA OPTIMIZATION OF RAIN RADAR AND ITS COVERAGE EXPANSION USING RADAR NETWORK

This research developed network of two Santanu rain radars of the Center for Atmospheric Science and Technology LAPAN installed in Bandung (SANTANU 1) and Sumedang (SANTANU 2). The objective is to get larger coverage area which also comply data each other. The first step is data optimation to each radar detection results, particularly due to rain attenuation, and then validation with the transportable radar image. The shape analysis on a rain object detected in the slice of both radar images indicates 0.8672 of R2 which show the width of both objectcs has a good similarity. Data optimation due to rain attenuation using attenuation correction for regional weather radar (KA) and path-integrated attenuation (PIA) indicate that the reflectivity improvement by KA is 10 times better than PIA. The object detected by Santanu rain radar is similar to the transportable radar for reflectivity larger than 30 dBZ.  The next step is integration of both rain radar images to create mosaic image and then validation using the transportable radar data. The production of the mosaic image is tried out using three methods: image stitching, averaging, and Cressman scheme. The best result is presented by Cressman scheme which show more integrated slice area and maintain the features of the object. However, the processing time of this scheme is 17 minutes which is longer than  image stitching method. The processing time depend on the number of grid data and the hardware memory. Validation on the mosaic result by using transportable radar data by implementing structural similarity index (SSIM) method yields 0,32 of average value. The improvement on SSIM value is obtained if speckle removal is applied by recording 59% of enhancemen

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN RADAR NAVIGASI LAUT FURUNO 1932 MARK-2 UNTUK PEMANTAUAN INTENSITAS HUJAN [ANALYSIS OF FURUNO MARINE RADAR 1932 MARK-2 CAPABILITY TO OBSERVE RAIN RATE]

Indonesia mempunyai banyak daerah rawan banjir dan tanah longsor sehingga diperlukan sistem peringatan dini terhadap bencana tersebut. Radar cuaca merupakan salah satu alternatifnya, akan tetapi harganya mahal, sehingga diperlukan radar cuaca alternatif yang biayanya murah. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis kemampuan radar navigasi laut Furuno 1932 Mark-2 sebagai solusi radar cuaca biaya murah dengan menganalisis spesifikasinya kemudian membuat eksperimen dan pengujian untuk mencoba solusi kelemahannya melalui pengembangan sistem akuisisi dan pengolah sinyal radar. Menurut spesifikasinya, unit scanner radar memenuhi syarat untuk pendeteksian hujan, hanya membutuhkan koreksi volume untuk lebar berkas vertikal yang lebar. Sedangkan unit display-nya belum memenuhi karena plotter-nya masih satu warna dan penghilang clutter-nya menganggap hujan sebagai clutter. Dari hasil eksperimen dan pengujian dapat diketahui bahwa radar ini mampu digunakan untuk mendeteksi pergerakan hujan dengan nilai reflektivitas yang terpantau antara 15-30 dBZ. Hasil pengukuran rain gauge menunjukkan pada reflektivitas 30 dBZ tersebut terpantau hujan dengan intensitas 5,4 mm/jam. Hubungan antara (Z) dan (R) yang terdeteksi tidak sesuai dengan persamaan Marshall Palmer, karena nilai 30 dBZ menghasilkan intensitas hujan 2,7 mm/jam. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian selanjutnya perlu dicari hubungan Z dan R yang sesuai untuk radar ini melalui kalibrasi nilai reflektivitas menggunakan data hasil pengukuran rain gauge. Kata kunci: Faktor Reflektivitas Radar, Radar Navigasi Laut, Intensitas Huja

Formation Tracking With Size Scaling of Double Integrator Agents

This paper considers the problem of distributed formation scaling of Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) under a switching-directed graph where the scaling of formation is determined by one leader agent. A directed-sensing graph where neighboring agents exchange their relative displacement and a directed-communication graph where neighboring agents exchange the information about formation scaling factor and velocity factors are used in this paper. One leader agent which decides the formation scaling factor as well as the velocity of the group is chosen among agents. It is shown that under a switching-directed graph, the group of agents achieves the desired formation pattern with the desired scaling factor as well as the desired group's velocity if the union of the sensing and communication graphs contains a directed spanning tree

KARAKTERISTIK PENDERITA FAKTUR / DISLOKASI AKIBAT KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS (STUDI KASUS) DI UNIT BEDAH ORTHOPAEDI RS HIDAYAH PURWOKERTO

Kecelakaan adalah rangkaian peristiwa dari kejadian-kejadian yang tidak diduga sebelumnya, dan selalu mengakibatkan kerusakan pada benda, luka atau kematian. Kecelakaan lalulintas disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yaitu faktor manusia ,faktor kendaraan dan faktor lingkungan. Dalam kasus seperti ini kecelakaan lalulintas dapat menyebabkan fraktur/dislokasi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional/epidemiologi deskriptif terhadap pasien yang menderita fraktur /dislokasi akibat kecelakaan lalulintas yang dirawat di Unit Bedah Orthopaedi RS Hidayah Purwokerto. Dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2006- Februari 2006. SAmpel penelitian ini adalah pasien fraktur/ dislokasi akibat kecelakaan lalulintas rawat jalan yang sudah memiliki jadwal reguler terhadap 50 pasien. Pengumpulan data melalui teknik wawancara dengan menggunakan alat bantu kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa faktor manusia adalah penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan (75%); faktor kendaraan 15% dan karena faktor lingkungan 10%. Bagian tulang yang fraktur/dislokasi sebanyak adalah anggota gerak bawah (40%) anggota gerak atas (28%), tulang sekitar dada (22%) dan tulang sekitar kepala (10%). Kata Kunci: fraktur/dislokasi ,faktor manusia,kendaraan,lingkunga

Development Of Wideband Circularly Polarized Antennas For Remote Sensing Microsatellite

Chiba University is developing the GAIA-I microsatellite which makes use of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (RO) and the Electron Density - Temperature Probe (EDTP) sensors. The mission is to provide global coverage vertical resolution of pressure, temperature, refractivity, and water vapor in the atmosphere, also electron temperature and density in the ionosphere. The atmospheric parameters data will be used in numerical weather prediction (NWP) for climate modeling, while the ionospheric data will be beneficial to investigate the relationship between global land deformation and te electron density.In this research, two novel methods to generate wideband circularly polarized (CP) based on equilateral tringular ring slot (ETRS) antenna for the GNSS-RO receiver and command communication satellite of te GAIA-I are proposed. The first method is the introduction of a pair of slits to improve the CP bandwidth of equilateral tringular slot (ETS) antenna which technically is a wide slot but employs the ring slot CP excitation technique thanks to the basic shape. The small size antennas introduce chamfered corners, triangular perturbation patch and feed line with additional branches to produce wideband CP operation. A further 3-dB ARBW improvement close to its impedance bandwidth is obtained by attaching a pair of slits. It can be confirmed that the pair of slit has a significant impact to double the 3-dB ARBW and decrease te antenna size. A study on several parameters influencing the shape transformations to the impedance and axial ratio bandwidth is presented. The designed ETS antennas for both applications are fabricated to verify the simulated results. The measured antenna for communication satellite presents good agreement with the simulated one by presenting CP bandwidth of 52%. Meanwhile, the measured design for the GNSS-RO receiver performs 3-dB ARBW of 41,6%. A truncated come reflector manufactured using 3D printer offers unidirectional radiation pattern for the proposed antenna and improves te perfoemance by delivering a maximum gain of 11.9 dBic.The second method is the insertion of two diagonal line slots to improve CP bandwidth of ETS antenna. In this second antenna type, te linearly polarized (LP) ETRS is converted to circular by truncating only two slot corners and attaching grounded perturbation patch. Since tecnically become a wide slot, it is ten referred as ETS as well. However, it performs smaller 3-dB ARBW tahn its reflection coefficient bandwidth.Xii, 100 hlm. ; 28 c

Rancang Bangun Software Penjejak Posisi dan Pemantau Profil Vertikal Data CO2 Sonda

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Pemanfaatan SDR Untuk Pengembangan Teknologi Kedirgantaraan

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KARAKTERISTIK CO2 PERMUKAAN DI BANDUNG TAHUN 2008-2009 (PENGUKURAN TETAP DI WILAYAH PASTEUR)

A fixed instrument for CO2 measurement (LPN SATKLIM-1B) has been built and installed at LAPAN Bandung, started by using a direct recorder system on the computer then it is completed with data connection to the CO2 monitoring web server. The CO2 sensor used by NDIR technology has been corrected by the temperature and pressure compensation. The sensor was installed on 15 m above ground level, acquired and also recorded its data by monitoring the software developed by using the Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. From the recording result of measurement data in Bandung from 2008 until 2009, with one minute interval data, it was obtained that the data characteristic compared to the measurement data from Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station in Kototabang (using spectroscopy technology) and Mauna Loa, all of them have the same pattern. From one year analysis (2008 – 2009) it was also obtained that by the increase of motor vehicle in Bndung for about 226,500 vehicle a year, 76% land building, and just 8.7% green open spaces, the CO2 has increased 1.5 ppm and the temperature from AWS data 2008-2009 (a year) data has increased 4.3ºC. In another side, the CO2 multiplication effect has occurred at 06.30-08.00 AM according to surface and vertical profile measuremens, due to stable atmosphere and calm wind. Key words: Surface fixed system, CO2 concentration, Convectio

Pengembangan Metode Penjejakan Posisi Berbasis Google Maps Pada Oopl Untuk Aplikasi Pemantauan Radiosonda Balon Atmosfer

Object Oriented Piogramming Language (OOPL) berbasis Windows mampu menampilkan Google Maps menggunakan obyek web browsernya, tetapi OOPL tidal( dapat menempatan sebuah marker penjejak posisi ke dalam Google Maps yang ditampilkannya. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan metode penjejakan posisi berbasis Google Maps untuk OOPL. Metode yang dikembangkan adalah memanfaatkan web server lokal untuk membantu OOPL, dalam hal ini Microsoft Visual Basic 6, untuk melakukan penjejakan posisi berbasis Google Maps. Sebagai sarana komunikasi antara OOPL dengan web server lokal digunakan file teks. Metode ini diaplikasikan pada software Sounding Balloon PSTA (SBP) untuk pemantauan radiosonda balon atmosfer. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan software SBP mampu melakukan komunikasi data serial, menampilkan grafik profil vertikal atmosfer dan penempatan marker dalam Google Maps. Hasil penempatan marker sama dengan hasil penempatan placemark pada Google Earth. Grafik profil vertikal tekanan, temperatur, dan kelembaban yang ditunjukkan juga sama dengna grafik yang ditampilkan Ms Excel 2010.Hal. 1-1