The effect of endurance training and taxol consumption on cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 levels in the liver tissue of mice with cervical cancer

Background: Herbs have a strong anti-cancer effect. Also, exercise is one of several lifestyle factors known to lower the risk of developing cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training and taxol on cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in the liver tissue of mice with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 35 female C57 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=7 in each group): control (healthy), control (cancer), complement (cancer), training-supplementary (cancer) and training (cancer). The implantation of cancerous tumors was performed under the skin of the upper pelvis. The training group completed the endurance training protocol, which included 3 sessions per week, 50 minutes per session, at a speed of 14-18 m/s for six weeks. A dose of 60 mg/kg/day of pure taxol was injected intra peritoneally. The dependent variables of this study were measured 24 hours after the last training session by ELISA. Results: The results showed that the use of taxol and endurance training reduced the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in the liver tissues of C57 mice with cervical cancer. Conclusion: Induction of the cancerous tissue in mice with cervical cancer increases the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 and endurance training along with taxol may reduce these levels

Online) An Open Access

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks endurance training on Apelin receptor gene expression in adipose tissue of old male rats.In order to conduct the study, 12 male rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups for 20 weeks. The rats in the experimental group practiced on the treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 days a week with an intensity of 20 meters per minute (equivalent to 75 to 80 % of maximum oxygen uptake) for 60 minutes. After 8 weeks practicing, and 72 hours after the last practice session, adipose tissue samples were collected. Then, REALTIME PCR method was applied to identify the definite variables. Data analysis was conducted based on independence t-test in a significant level (p<0.05). The findings of this study revealed that Apelin receptor gene expression levels in the experimental group in compare to the control group indicated a significant increase after eight weeks endurance training (p<0.00). Increasing Apelin receptor mRNA in rats may possibly regulate the adipose tissue and increase unpaired protein expression to determine its role in energy metabolism

The effect of endurance training and Ziziphus jujube extract consumption on apoptosis of cardiac tissue in male Wistar rats

Background: Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that ensures the tissue and cellular homeostasis. This study aimed at investigating the effect of endurance training and the Ziziphus jujube extract consumption on apoptosis of cardiac tissue in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks (weighing 195 mg±7.94) were randomly divided into four groups: control, jujube extract, endurance training and endurance training-jujube extract. A moderate endurance training program was conducted for eight weeks and five sessions per week. Rats were received a daily dose of 600 mg/kg of the extract orally. The gene expression of anexin-5 and caspase-3 in cardiac tissue was measured by the real-time PCR. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean weight of the heart tissue of male Wistar rats among different groups (P<0.001). Changes in anexin-5 expression of the cardiac tissue in training-supplementation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.012). Also, the results showed that changes in caspase-3 expression of the cardiac tissue in supplementation (P<0.001), training (P<0.013) and training-supplementation (P<0.0001) groups were significantly lower than the changes in the control group (P<0.012). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it seems that endurance training and jujube extract consumption can have an interactive effect in reducing apoptosis of the cardiac tissue

Structural changes of cardiac tissue in response to boldenone supplementation with or without alcoholic extract of jujuba fruit during resistance training in male Wistar rats

Background: Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids has been linked to a variety of different cardiovascular side effects. The use of medicinal herbs has been shown to reduce disease and cardiovascular disorders. This study aimed at examining the structural changes of the cardiac tissue in response to boldenone supplementation along with the alcoholic extract of jujuba during resistance training in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks (weight 202±9.34 g) were randomly divided into five groups: control, boldenone, extract of iujuba+boldenone, boldenone+resistance training and boldenone+resistance training+extract of jujuba. The resistance training program included climbing the ladder for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, 1 session training in a day and each session consisted of the 3 sets and 5 repetitions. Injection was conducted in depth in the hamstring once a week, on an appointed day. After anesthesia, autopsy was performed and the cardiac tissue was isolated. Results: The results showed that boldenone caused tissue damage, hyperemia, abnormal cytoplasm and unclear and dispersed nuclei. In the boldenone+resistance training group, the heart tissue had high levels of hyperemia and the muscle cells were a little abnormal. In the boldenone+jujube group, appearance of the tissue was normal and a restorative effect was evident in the tissue. Conclusion: It seems that boldenone can cause structural damage to the heart tissue and the resistance training along with the jujube extract can reduce some of the cardiovascular disorders (necrosis and inflammation) caused by the use of anabolic steroids

Response of MIR-1 and HSP-60 Gene Expression to Endurance Training in Heart Tissue of Rats

MicroRNAs and heat shock proteins are important factors in heart function. However, the response of these factors to exercise in the heart tissue is unclear. Here, we evaluated the impact of endurance training on the expression of MIR-1 and HSP-60 genes in heart tissue of rats. In this study, 10 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups control and endurance training. The aerobic exercise program included running on the treadmill at speed of 25 m min-1, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. After anesthesia, we performed an autopsy to collect the heart. The expression level of MIR-1 and HSP60 were measured by Real-Time PCR. An Independent t-test was used to determine significant changes (P<0.05). After the intervention period, the expression level of the MIR-1 gene showed a significant decrease in the aerobic exercise group thank in the control group (P=0.001). However, aerobic training had no significant effect on the expression level of HSP60 in the heart (P<0.05). It seems that twelve weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can probably improve heart function

Effects of endurance training and six weeks of ginseng supplementation on serum vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in unathletes female students

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six weeks of endurance training and ginseng supplement consumption on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor levels in unathletes female student. Materials and Methods: In this study, 32 unathlete female students of Gorgan University (Iran) with the mean age of 20 &plusmn;2 years were randomly divided into endurance, endurance and ginseng, ginseng and control groups. Endurance training consisted of six weeks training with three sessions per week and each session was 70 minutes. The program of intermittent running was with intensity of 60-80% maximum heart rate. Ginseng extract was orally consumed (5 mg/kg/day for six weeks). Results: No significant effects of six weeks of endurance training together with ginseng supplement were found on the levels of VEGF (P<0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the levels of PDGF before and after of training in endurance training (P=0.015), endurance training- ginseng (P=0.004) and ginseng (P=0.016) groups. Also, there was a significant differences in the levels of PDGF between study groups (P=0.000). The levels of PDGF in the endurance training&nbsp; group was significantly different with endurance training-Ginseng (P=0.000), and ginseng (P=0.002), but no difference was observed in the levels of PDGF between control and endurance training (P=0.271). Conclusion: It seems that endurance training may improve the process of angiogenesis. Furthermore, ginseng supplement may influence the levels angiogenic factor

The Effect of Endurance Training and L-Carnitine Consumption on TNF-a and IL-1β Gene Expression of Heart Tissue in Wistar Male Rats following Anabolic Steroid Consumption (Boldenone)

Background & Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training and L-carnitine consumption on TNF-a and IL-1β gene expression of heart tissue in Wistar male rats following anabolic steroid consumption (Boldenone). Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks (weight 195±7.94g) were randomly divided into five groups including control, no-treatment, boldenone (5mg/kg), L-carnitine and aerobic training- L-carnitine. The endurance moderate intensity training program (55-50% of maximal oxygen consumption) was performed for 6 weeks and 5 times a week. Injection was conducted once a week, on an appointed day, and in the quadriceps and hamstring it was conducted in depth. After anesthesia, autopsy was performed and the heart was isolated. The TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression in the samples was measured by Real Time PCR. Data were analyzed using t-test, One-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression of heart tissue in male Wistar rats in different groups (P=0.001). The changes in TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression of heart tissue in L-carnitine and Training-L-carnitine groups were significantly lower than those of the no-treatment and boldenon groups (P=0.001). Conclusion: It seems that supplementation of L-carnitine with regular aerobic training reduces heart tissue damage induced by anabolic androgenic steroids

Protective Effect of Aerobic Training and Royal Jelly on Oxidative Stress in Cardiomyocytes in Obese Rats

Background and purpose: Obesity leads to a variety of metabolic changes that may contribute to abnormalities in the structure and function of the heart. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of royal jelly and aerobic training on oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 45 male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=9): Normal Diet (ND), High-Fat Diet (HFD), High-Fat Diet +Training (HFDT), High-Fat Diet + Royal Jelly (HFDRJ), and High-Fat Diet +Training + Royal Jelly (HFDTRJ). The supplement groups received 100 mg of royal jelly (kg/body weight) diluted in distilled water orally during the intervention period. The aerobic exercise program included treadmill running with an intensity of 50-60% oxygen consumption (VO2max), 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Results: Significant increases were seen in Nrf2 and HO-1 gene expression levels in HFDT (P=0.049 and P=0.029, respectively), HFDRJ (P=0.000 and P=0.041, respectively), and HFDTRJ (P=0.000 and P=0.000, respectively). This increase was also observed in HFDTRJ group compared with HFDT group (P=0.039 and P=0.003, respectively) and HFDRJ group (P=0.038 and P=0.002, respectively). Also, significant decrease was observed in MDA values (P=0.001). Findings showed significant increase in SOD, GPX, and CAT in HFDT, HFDRJ and HFDTRJ groups compared with HFD group in HFDTRJ group compared with HFDT and HFDRJ groups (P=0.001). Conclusion: Combining RJ with aerobic training may possibly inhibit HFD-induced cardiomyocytes damage by up-regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and improving oxidative state

Structural changes of cardiac tissue in response to boldenone supplementation with or without alcoholic extract of jujuba fruit during resistance training in male Wistar rats

Background: Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids has been linked to a variety of different cardiovascular side effects. The use of medicinal herbs has been shown to reduce disease and cardiovascular disorders. This study aimed at examining the structural changes of the cardiac tissue in response to boldenone supplementation along with the alcoholic extract of jujuba during resistance training in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks (weight 202±9.34 g) were randomly divided into five groups: control, boldenone, extract of iujuba+boldenone, boldenone+resistance training and boldenone+resistance training+extract of jujuba. The resistance training program included climbing the ladder for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, 1 session training in a day and each session consisted of the 3 sets and 5 repetitions. Injection was conducted in depth in the hamstring once a week, on an appointed day. After anesthesia, autopsy was performed and the cardiac tissue was isolated. Results: The results showed that boldenone caused tissue damage, hyperemia, abnormal cytoplasm and unclear and dispersed nuclei. In the boldenone+resistance training group, the heart tissue had high levels of hyperemia and the muscle cells were a little abnormal. In the boldenone+jujube group, appearance of the tissue was normal and a restorative effect was evident in the tissue. Conclusion: It seems that boldenone can cause structural damage to the heart tissue and the resistance training along with the jujube extract can reduce some of the cardiovascular disorders (necrosis and inflammation) caused by the use of anabolic steroids

The Effects of 6 Weeks of Endurance Training and Consumption of Different Doses of Boldenone on Hematological Factors and Spleen Structure Changes in Male Wistar Rats

Background and Objectives: Regardless of how many periods and how long the androgenic-anabolic steroids have been used, they can cause side effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect a 6-week endurance training and using different doses of anabolic steroid boldenone on hematological factors and changes in spleen structure in male Wistar rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 47 male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks, were randomly divided into 7 groups (control, sham, boldenone-1, boldenone-2, endurance training, endurance training+boldenone-1, endurance training+boldenone-2). Increasing endurance training program was performed at the speed of 10-30m/min (Vo2max, 75-80%) for 6 weeks and 5 days/week. The drug was injected deeply into the quadriceps and hamstring muscles once a week, on an appointed day. After anesthesia and dissection, the spleen was removed. Finally, the selected microscopic sections, were studied using a light microscope after staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Data were analyzed by dependent t-, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc LSD tests at &alpha;<0.05 level. Results: In this study, boldenone supplementation at different doses led to weight gain, non-significant decrease in spleen weight (p=0.297), increase in white blood cells (p=0.041), and increase in hematocrit level (p=0.017). Also, there was a significant difference between the effect of exercise and boldenone consumption on the extent of damage to white pulp, red pulp, and the spleen sinusoidal space (p=0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed it is likely that short-term consumption of boldenone have negative effects on the spleen structure, followed by negative changes in hematological factors