AMCIS 2020 Doctoral Consortium Keynote by Arun Rai

This is a Keynote Presentation at the AMCIS 2020 Doctoral Consortium by Professor Arun Ra

Use of Data Development Analysis for Certain Case Based Expert System Applications

Dau Envelopinent Analysis is a technique for comparing efficiencies of 2roductive units based on their respective input and output data. The method is known as an efficient frontier technique and was developed originally by Chanies, Cooper, and Rhodes. This paper shows how the technique may be useful in an entirely different context - namely that of case or example based expert systems. In this latter area, it is desired to make decisions, such as acceptance or rejection of credit risks, based on examples which have previously been decided by an expert. This paper shows how Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) may be used to develop an acceptance boundaty for use ui case based expert systems. Acceptability of cases is identified with cases which lie on or above the efficient frontier in the DEA sense. The method requires convexity of the acceptable set to hold as its major condition. The method also assumes that the accepted cases are accurately classified by the expert with respect to Type II errors

Interfirm Strategic Information Flows in Logistics Supply Chain Relationships

This paper focuses on strategic information flows between buyers and suppliers within logistics supply chain relationships and on subsequent relationship-specific performance outcomes. Our analysis of dyadic data collected from 91 buyer–supplier logistics relationships finds that buyer and supplier strategic information flows positively impact the relationship-specific performance of both sharing and receiving parties. Specifically, each party gains financially from improved management of assets, reduced costs of operations, and enhanced productivity. Moreover, each benefits operationally from improved planning, control, and flexibility of resources. Buyer dependence on the supplier increases buyer strategic information flows to the supplier. Additionally, buyer IT customization and both buyer and sup plier trusting beliefs in the receiving party positively impact strategic information sharing with partners. This study suggests that partnerships for supply chain services engage in cooperative initiatives to generate relational rents and are an alternative to conventional “arms length” transactional exchanges. These partnerships need to be motivated to go beyond the sharing of order-related information (which must occur in transactional exchanges) and to share strategic information (which has the potential for both additional rent generation and risks of misappropriation)

How do Aspiration Shortfalls Interact with Regulatory Incentives and Controls to Drive Innovation in U.S. Hospitals?

Strategic choices about innovation are becoming increasingly relevant in the healthcare industry to meet the changing needs of the marketplace. We draw on the Behavioral Theory of the Firm and Institutional Theory to (1) identify the influence of aspiration shortfalls of Patient Quality and Cost of Care on IT-enabled Clinical Process Innovation and Services Innovation, and (2) identify how the nature of these relationships change based on regulation at the federal (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) and state (Certificate of Need programs) level. Our empirical study is situated in the U.S. healthcare industry. We draw on multiple sources of data, such as the American Hospital Association Annual Survey and IT Supplement as well as the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid, to construct a panel dataset of 3,500 hospitals from 2008—2013. We identify measures for our constructs and propose analysis methods to test our model and hypotheses

Quality Management in Systems Development: An Organizational System Perspective

We identify top management leadership, a sophisticated management infrastructure, process management efficacy, and stakeholder participation as important elements of a quality-oriented organizational system for software development. A model interrelating these constructs and quality performance is proposed. Data collected through a national survey of IS executives in Fortune 1000 companies and government agencies was used to test the model using a Partial Least Squares analysis methodology. Our results suggest that software quality goals are best attained when top management creates a management infrastructure that promotes improvements in process design and encourages stakeholders to evolve the design of the development processes. Our results also suggest that all elements of the organizational system need to be developed in order to attain quality goals and that piecemeal adoption of select quality management practices are unlikely to be effective. Implications of this research for IS theory and practice are discussed

The Impact of Technology Characteristics on Infusion of Software Development Tools

Innovation diffusion research is a widely accepted theoretical basis for studying IT implementation but has many limitations. In view of these limitations some researchers have proposed that infusion of IT innovations in organizations should be studied. This paper empirically studies the impact of technology characteristics on infusion of systems development tools in organizations. The results indicate that while subsystem compatibility and scope of development tools strongly influenced infusion, methodology compatibility had no impact on infusio

Market Share and Purchase Influencing Factors of Various Pesticide Brands in Uttar Pradesh

The worldwide consumption of pesticides is about two million tons per year. Out of which 45 percent is used by Europe alone, 25 percent is consumed in the USA, and 25 percent in the rest of the world. The three most commonly used pesticides are HCH (only gamma-HCH is allowed), DDT and Malathion, and these account for about 70 percent of the total pesticide consumption. India’s consumption of pesticide is only 3 percent of total world’s consumption of pesticides. Among different classes of pesticide, contribution of insecticide (60 percent) is high followed by fungicide (19percent), herbicide (16percent), Bio-Pesticide (3percent) and others (3percent). It is estimated that 18- 20 percent of total pesticides used in the country are applied on vegetables. The Government of India regulates the production, import, Sales, and use of pesticides through the Insecticides Act, 1968. The market in India is highly dominated by the foreign players. Bayer AG is the largest agrochemical producer in the world. Some of the big names include Yara International ASA, BASF, Bayer Crop Science Limited, Indofil Industries Limited, Makhteshim Agan Industries Ltd, Dow Agro Sciences, Monsanto, Syngenta, Aventis, Agrium etc. This study show the market shares of various brands in which 15.15% share in insecticides was Pexalon of Corteva Agriscience, 14.70% chess of Syngenta,13.16% of coragen(FMC India Pvt. Ltd.) and remaining others. In market share 33.09% Indofill Industries, 18.23% UPL and rest in remaining. The retail trade influence was maximum on the farmers and ranked I followed by influence from company representative ranked II. Farmers meeting, distribution of literature and samples, through participation in fairs and wall painting were moderately influencing factors, which were ranked fourth, sixth, and seventh

Toward the concept of pockets of creativity in business processes

The study will cross-fertilise Information Systems (IS) and Services Marketing ideas through reconceptualising the information system as a service (ISaaS). The study addresses known limitations of arguably the two most significant dependent variables in these disciplines - Information System Success or IS-Impact, and Service Quality. Planned efforts to synthesise analogous conceptions across these disciplines, are expected to force a deeper theoretical understanding of the broad notions of success, quality, value and satisfaction and their interrelations. The aims of this research are to: (1) yield a conceptually superior and more extensively validated IS success measurement model, and (2) develop and operationalise a more rigorously validated Service Quality measurement model, while extending the ‘service’ notion to ‘operational computer-based information systems in organisations’. In the development of the new models the study will address contemporary validation issues