2 research outputs found
Well Placement Optimization Using a Basic Genetic Search Heuristics Algorithm and a Black Oil Simulator
In petroleum reservoir management, the essence of well placement is to develop
and maintain reservoir pressure in order to achieve maximum production
for economic benefits. Large production can be achieved with the placement
of multiple wells but this approach is capital intensive and inefficient for
the development of a reservoir. A preferable option is the optimal placement
of production and injection wells so as to fully capitalize on the imbedded hydrocarbons
at a relatively decreased capital investment. The aim of this study
is to use developed algorithm and a black oil simulator to place wells in the
zones for optimal recovery in the reservoir. Optimal production was determined
out of eight scenarios created from well placement in a hypothetical
reservoir (finch reservoir) using a black oil simulator, alongside an algorithm
developed with java for determining the best possible locations for well
placement, taking into consideration the reservoir permeability, fluid saturation,
and pay zone thickness. The results of this study reveal that well placement
using the engineering judgment coupled with the application of the algorithm
using a black oil simulator results in better production compared to
other scenarios which consider the combined effect of algorithm and black oil
simulator alone
Adaptation of the Wound Healing Questionnaire universal-reporter outcome measure for use in global surgery trials (TALON-1 study): mixed-methods study and Rasch analysis
BackgroundThe Bluebelle Wound Healing Questionnaire (WHQ) is a universal-reporter outcome measure developed in the UK for remote detection of surgical-site infection after abdominal surgery. This study aimed to explore cross-cultural equivalence, acceptability, and content validity of the WHQ for use across low- and middle-income countries, and to make recommendations for its adaptation.MethodsThis was a mixed-methods study within a trial (SWAT) embedded in an international randomized trial, conducted according to best practice guidelines, and co-produced with community and patient partners (TALON-1). Structured interviews and focus groups were used to gather data regarding cross-cultural, cross-contextual equivalence of the individual items and scale, and conduct a translatability assessment. Translation was completed into five languages in accordance with Mapi recommendations. Next, data from a prospective cohort (SWAT) were interpreted using Rasch analysis to explore scaling and measurement properties of the WHQ. Finally, qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated using a modified, exploratory, instrumental design model.ResultsIn the qualitative phase, 10 structured interviews and six focus groups took place with a total of 47 investigators across six countries. Themes related to comprehension, response mapping, retrieval, and judgement were identified with rich cross-cultural insights. In the quantitative phase, an exploratory Rasch model was fitted to data from 537 patients (369 excluding extremes). Owing to the number of extreme (floor) values, the overall level of power was low. The single WHQ scale satisfied tests of unidimensionality, indicating validity of the ordinal total WHQ score. There was significant overall model misfit of five items (5, 9, 14, 15, 16) and local dependency in 11 item pairs. The person separation index was estimated as 0.48 suggesting weak discrimination between classes, whereas Cronbach's α was high at 0.86. Triangulation of qualitative data with the Rasch analysis supported recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ items 1 (redness), 3 (clear fluid), 7 (deep wound opening), 10 (pain), 11 (fever), 15 (antibiotics), 16 (debridement), 18 (drainage), and 19 (reoperation). Changes to three item response categories (1, not at all; 2, a little; 3, a lot) were adopted for symptom items 1 to 10, and two categories (0, no; 1, yes) for item 11 (fever).ConclusionThis study made recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ for use in global surgical research and practice, using co-produced mixed-methods data from three continents. Translations are now available for implementation into remote wound assessment pathways