171 research outputs found
PegelabhÀngigkeit des Overshoots in statistischen und reproduzierbaren Rauschmaskierern
Es wurden Messungen zur zeitlichen Struktur der Simultanverdeckung in statistischen und reproduzierbaren
Rauschmaskierern vorgestellt. Bei den Experimenten in frozen noise wurde die Wechselwirkung
zwischen Testsignal und Feinstruktur des Maskierers berĂŒcksichtigt. Die Mithörschwellen
zeigen ein AbhÀngigkeit von der Anfangsphase des Testtones. Daher wurden die Messungen zum
OvershootphĂ€nomen in frozen noise fĂŒr die beiden Testtonphasen durchgefĂŒhrt, bei denen die Schwellen
in den Experimenten zur PhasenabhÀngigkeit ihren maximalem bzw. minimalen Wert annehmen.
Ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem EinfluĂ der Phase auf die Mithörschwellen und der GröĂe des
Overshoot tritt besonders deutlich bei einem Rauschpegel von 50 dB SPL auf. Aufgrund des groĂen
Signal-RauschverhÀltnisses zu Maskiererbeginn ist dort die PhasenabhÀngigkeit verglichen mit den
Resultaten am Maskiererende sehr gering. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daĂ der Overshoot in frozen noise
sowohl von der Startphase des Testtones als auch vom Rauschpegel abhÀngt. Die Overshootwerte, die
fĂŒr die beiden Phasen in frozen noise ermittelt wurden, bilden i.a. die obere und untere Begrenzung fĂŒr
die Werte in running noise. Die Möglichkeit zur Auswertung der Maskiererfeinstruktur fĂŒhrt demnach
nicht generell zu einer Verringerung des Overshoots
Effect of masker level on overshoot in runningâ and frozenânoise maskers
Masked thresholds were measured with runningâ and frozenânoise maskers. The 5âkHz signal was 2 ms in duration. The masker was lowâpass noise (20 Hzâ10 kHz); its total duration was 300 ms. The overall level of the masker was 30, 50, or 70 dB SPL. The onset of the signal was delayed by 0, 3, 8, 18, 198, or 278 ms relative to the onset of the masker. In all frozenânoise measurements, the signal was added to the same fine structure of the noise. Overshoot in frozen noise was measured for two starting phases of the signal that led to a 10âdB difference for large signalâonset delays. In all three configurations (running noise and frozen noise with two different signal phases) masker level had a similar influence on overshoot. At the intermediate masker level (50 dB SPL), a significant amount of overshoot (up to 15 dB) was observed in all three conditions. At the low and the high masker levels, overshoot was very much reduced, and even became negative in most conditions for the 30âdBâSPL masker. For the 50âdB frozenânoise masker, the total variation of thresholds with signal phase was 8 to 11 dB for long signalâonset delays, but only 3 to 6 dB for short delays. For the lowâ and highâlevel maskers, where only a small overshoot was observed, the threshold variation with phase for a signal at masker onset was the same as that for the longâdelay condition. An explanation for the variation of signal detectability with masker level is proposed that refers explicitly to the compressive inputâoutput characteristic of the basilar membrane at intermediate levels
The Effect of Background Noise on a "Studying for an Exam"Task in an Open-Plan Study Environment: A Laboratory Study
Students can be disturbed by background noise while working in an open-plan study environment. To improve the acoustic quality of open-plan study environments a study was done on the influence of different sound scenarios on students working on a typical student task, âstudying for an examâ. Three sound scenarios and a quiet reference sound scenario were developed, based on the sound environment of a real open-plan study environment, with a varying number of talkers in the background and different reverberation times of the study environment. Seventy students worked on a set of tasks simulating a âstudying for an examâ task while being exposed to the sound scenarios. This task comprises a reading comprehension task with text memory by delayed answering questions about the text, with additional tasks being performed in the gap between studying the text and retrieving. These additional tasks are a mental arithmetic task and a logical reasoning task. Performance, self-estimated performance and disturbance of students were measured. No significant effect of the sound scenarios was found on performance of students working on the reading comprehension task with text memory and the mental arithmetic task. However, a significant effect of sound was found on performance of students working on the logical reasoning task. Furthermore, a significant effect of the sound scenarios was found on self-estimated performance and perceived disturbance for all tasks from which the reading comprehension task with text memory was the most disturbed task. It is argued that the absence of a detrimental sound effect on the performance of students working on a reading comprehension task with text memory is a result of focusing due to task engagement and task difficulty, both aspects working as a âshield against distractionâ
Messungen zum OvershootphÀnomen in monauralen und diotischen Konfigurationen
Es wurden Messungen zur zeitlichen Struktur der Simultanverdeckung von Breitbandrauschen vorgestellt.
Dabei zeigte sich, daà die Mithörschwellen zu Beginn des Maskierers nicht immer erhöht
sein mĂŒssen (positiver Overshoot), sondern durchaus auch niedriger liegen können als zu spĂ€teren
Zeitpunkten im Maskierer (negativer Overshoot oder Undershoot). Des weiteren wurde festgestellt,
daà dieses PhÀnomen sich in monauralen und diotischen Konfigurationen pegelabhÀngig verhÀlt. Das
Maximum des Overshoots tritt bei mittleren Rauschpegeln auf. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daĂ es sich
bei dieser PegelabhÀngigkeit des Overshoots um eine Abweichung vom Weberschen Gesetz handelt,
die sich mit der zeitlichen Lage des Testtones im Maskierer Àndert. Ebenfalls zeit- und pegelabhÀngig
ist die Differenz zwischen den monauralen und den diotischen Schwellen. Bei hohen Maskiererpegeln können die diotischen Schwellen deutlich höher liegen als die monauralen. Dieses ungewöhnliche
PhĂ€nomen und der Overshoot ĂŒberstreichen den gleichen Zeitbereich
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