Implikasi pedagogis Qurán Surat Al-baqarah ayat 201 tentang tujuan pendidikan Islam: Analisis Ilmu Pendidikan Islam

Pendidikan sebagai sarana untuk membangun peradaban, masih dipenuhi dengan berbagai macam problema. Munculnya disorientasi tujuan yang terjadi di bidang pendidikan, ditandai dengan tidak sedikitnya pelajar-pelajar, mahasiswa, ataupun sarjana yang menjadikan gelarnya sebagai industri bisnis dengan tujuan yang pragmatis, agar modal yang selama ini dikeluarkan saat menimba ilmu di lembaga pendidikan akan menuai keuntungan. Tidak sedikit dari mereka ketika lulus, mengharapkan jabatan yang tinggi pada pandangan manusia. Hal tersebut terjadi karena adanya dikotomisasi dalam perumusan tujuan, yang disebabkan karena pemahaman yang parsial akan tujuan pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui penafsiran para mufassir terhadap Qur’an surat al-Baqarah ayat 201, (2) Mengetahui tujuan pendidikan Islam yang terkandung dalam Qur’an surat al-Baqarah ayat 201, (3) Mengetahui implikasi pedagogis Qur’an surat al-Baqarah ayat 201 tentang tujuan pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada pemikiran bahwa pendidikan sebagai sebuah proses, mesti memiliki tujuan. Sebab, penetapan tujuan merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat penting untuk didahulukan. Penetapan tujuan pendidikan bisa didasarkan pada berbagai sumber, salah satunya al-Qur’an. Al-Qur’an sebagai pedoman utama umat Islam, telah memberikan kisi-kisi bagi manusia untuk menjalankan seluruh aktifitas hidupnya, tak terkecuali dalam hal penetapan tujuan pendidikan. Ayat al-Qur’an yang menjelaskan mengenai penetapan tujuan pendidikan salah satunya terdapat dalam surat al-Baqarah ayat 201. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Metode penelitian “content analysis”. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan, dengan sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini diantaranya: Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Qur’an, Tafsir Jalalain, Tafsir Al-Mishbah, Tafsir Al-Azhar, Tafsir Al-Maraghi, dan Tafsir Al-Qurthubi. Sedangkan, yang menjadi sumber data sekundernya adalah buku-buku penunjang yang berkaitan dengan masalah penelitian diantaranya buku ilmu pendidikan Islam. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis melalui proses satuan, kategorisasi, penafsiran data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, maka diperoleh simpulan sebagai berikut: (1) secara umum para mufassir tidak terlalu berbeda dalam menafsirkan Qur’an surat al-Baqarah ayat 201 ini, atau dalam arti semua penafsiran yang disebutkan para mufassir itu saling berkaitan dan tidak bertentangan, salah satunya ketika menafsirkan makna kebahagiaan di dunia, para mufassir menjelaskan bahwa kebahagiaan di dunia itu meliputi kesehatan, rizky yang melimpah, ilmu ytang bermanfaat, istri yang baik, rumah yang megah dsb, adapun yang dimaksud dengan kebahagiaan di akhirat menurut para mufassir yaitu surga (2) tujuan pendidikan Islam yang terkandung dalam Qur’an surat al-Baqarah ayat 201 terbagi kepada tiga macam: yakni untuk mendapatkan kebahagiaan di dunia, untuk mendapatkan kebahagiaan di akhirat serta agar terhindar dari siksa api neraka, (3) implikasi pedagogis dari Qur’an surat at-Baqarah ayat 201, yakni untuk memperoleh prinsip keseimbangan dalam kebahagiaan yang dirasakan manusia sebagai “output” dari pendidikan, salah satunya bisa diraih dengan cara merumuskan kurikulum pendidikan Islami yaitu kurikulum yang terintergrasi dan tidak dikotomi

Toxicity of heavy metal copper and its effect on the behaviour of fresh water Indian cat fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.)

ABSTRACT The behavioural impairment of fresh water Indian cat fish, Clarias batrachus was studied on exposure to heavy metal copper after finding the Lc 50 . The experimental animal was exposed to four different doses of copper (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1ppm) for a period of 15 days and observed that there was no mortality in any group of experimental animal during the study period. No behavioural changes was noted at 0.25 ppm, however, at 0.50 ppm the animal began restlessness. Erratic swimming, jerky body movements, rolling the body, convulsions, mucous secretion over the body was observed at 0.75 ppm and loss of equilibrium, rapid opercular movements, difficulty in respiration, and lethargy was noted at 1ppm. In short the effects and the dosage were found to be directly proportional to the behaviour of the experimental animal

Practices of Retailing Marketing in Bangladesh: A Study on Rangpur City

Retailing is a practice of providing final value to customers for their personal and family use.The study emphasizes the retailing practices of Bangladesh. The main objective of the study is to show a current picture of retailing practices in Bangladesh at the Rangpur city based. Beside this the study will try to find out the problems and opportunities of retailing in Bangladesh. For accompanying the research better various related works were given emphasized. The collection of data of the study mostly was based on primary sources. Some secondary data also will be used to prepare the report. A questionnaire has also been plumbed to selected respondents. Some statistical tools like mean, median, mode, simple and multiple correlations, regression analysis, ratio analysis have been used in analyzing data.  The various data presentation tools have been used to make more understandable. Retailing practices of the Rangpur city featuring from different and make some recommendation to make it more perceivable matter of marketing. Keywords: Practices, Retailing Rangpur, Customer Satisfaction, Branding issues

Job Demands, Job Insecurity, and Job Engagement at Sales Promotion for Retail Companies

This study aims to determine job demands and job insecurity on work engagement in employees of sales promotion retail companies in Samarinda. This study uses a quantitative approach. The subjects of this study were 104 members of employees of sales promotion retail companies in Samarinda who were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The data collection method used is the scale of job demands, job insecurity, and work engagement. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 21.0 for the windows program. This study indicates a significant effect between job demands and job insecurity on work engagement (F = 32.846; p = 0.000; R2 = 38.2%). There is a positive and significant effect between job demands on work engagement (β = 0.590; t = 7.272; p = 0.000). There is no significant effect between job insecurity and work engagement (β = -0.114; t = -1.472; p = 0.157)

Burn injury characteristics: findings from Pakistan national emergency department surveillance study

Background: Burn injury is an important yet under-researched area in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and associated outcomes of burn injury patients presenting to major emergency departments in Pakistan. Methods: Pakistan National Emergency Department Surveillance (Pak-NEDS) was a pilot active surveillance conducted between November 2010 and March 2011. Information related to patient demographics, mode of arrival, cause of burn injury, and outcomes was analyzed for this paper. Data were entered using Epi Info and analyzed using SPSS v.20. Ethical approval was obtained from all participating sites. Results: There were 403 burn injury patients in Pak-NEDS, with a male to female ratio 2:1. About 48.9% of the burn injury patients (n = 199) were between 10 - 29 years of age. There was no statistically significant difference between unintentional and intentional burn injury patients except for body part injured (p-value 0.004) and ED disposition (p-value 0.025). Among 21 patients who died, most were between 40 - 49 years of age (61.9%) and suffered from fire burns (81%). Conclusion: Burn injuries are a burden on emergency rooms in Pakistan. We were able to demonstrate the significant burden of burn injuries that is not addressed by specialized burn centers

A Literature Review On NoSQL Database For Big Data Processing

Abstract Objective:Aim of the present study was to literature review on the NoSQL Database for Big Data processing including the structural issues and the real-time data mining techniques to extract the estimated valuable information.Methods:We searched the Springer Link and IEEE Xplore online databases for articles published in English language during the last seven years (between January 2011 and December 2017).We specifically searched for two keywords (“NoSQL” and “Big Data”) to find the articles.The inclusion criteria were articles on the use of performance comparison on valuable information processing in the field of Big Data through NoSQL databases.Results:In the 18 selected articles,this review identified 8 articles which provided various suitable recommendations on NoSQL databases for specific area focus on the value chain of Big Data,5 articles described the performance comparison of different NoSQL databases, 2 articles presented the background of basics characteristics data model for NoSQL,1 article denoted the storage in respect of cloud computing and 2 articles focused the transactions of NoSQL.Conclusion:In this literature,we presented the NoSQL databases for Big Data processing including its transactional and structural issues. Additionally, we highlight research directions and challenges in relation to Big Data processing. Therefore,we believe that the information contained in this review will incredible support and guide the progress of the Big Data processing

Human stem cell-derived retinal epithelial cells activate complement via collectin 11 in response to stress

Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness and is associated with complement dysregulation. The disease is a potential target for stem cell therapy but success is likely to be limited by the inflammatory response. We investigated the innate immune properties of human induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived RPE cells, particularly with regard to the complement pathway. We focused on collectin-11 (CL-11), a pattern recognition molecule that can trigger complement activation in renal epithelial tissue. We found evidence of constitutive and hypoxia-induced expression of CL-11 in iPS-RPE cells, and in the extracellular fluid. Complement activation on the cell surface occurred in conjunction with CL-11 binding. CL-11 has been shown to activate inflammatory responses through recognition of L-fucose, which we confirmed by showing that fucosidase-treated cells, largely, failed to activate complement. The presence of CL-11 in healthy murine and human retinal tissues confirmed the biological relevance of CL-11. Our data describe a new trigger mechanism of complement activation that could be important in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions

Scaling of the B and D meson spectrum in lattice QCD

We give results for the $B$ and the $D$ meson spectrum using NRQCD on the lattice in the quenched approximation. The masses of radially and orbitally excited states are calculated as well as $S$-wave hyperfine and $P$-wave fine structure. Radially excited $P$-states are observed for the first time. Radial and orbital excitation energies match well to experiment, as does the strange-non-strange $S$-wave splitting. We compare the light and heavy quark mass dependence of various splittings to experiment. Our $B$-results cover a range in lattice spacings of more than a factor of two. Our $D$-results are from a single lattice spacing and we compare them to numbers in the literature from finer lattices using other methods. We see no significant dependence of physical results on the lattice spacing. PACS: 11.15.Ha 12.38.Gc 14.40.Lb 14.40.NdComment: 78 pages, 29 tables, 30 figures Revised version. Minor corrections to spelling and wordin

Isolation and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Human Fetal and iPSC-Derived Cone Photoreceptor Cells.

Loss of cone photoreceptors, crucial for daylight vision, has the greatest impact on sight in retinal degeneration. Transplantation of stem cell-derived L/M-opsin cones, which form 90% of the human cone population, could provide a feasible therapy to restore vision. However, transcriptomic similarities between fetal and stem cell-derived cones remain to be defined, in addition to development of cone cell purification strategies. Here, we report an analysis of the human L/M-opsin cone photoreceptor transcriptome using an AAV2/9.pR2.1:GFP reporter. This led to the identification of a cone-enriched gene signature, which we used to demonstrate similar gene expression between fetal and stem cell-derived cones. We then defined a cluster of differentiation marker combination that, when used for cell sorting, significantly enriches for cone photoreceptors from the fetal retina and stem cell-derived retinal organoids, respectively. These data may facilitate more efficient isolation of human stem cell-derived cones for use in clinical transplantation studies