Heritability estimates using subpopulations of GS10K with different GRM cut-off points.

<p>X-axis: the number of individuals among whom the pairwise relationship is larger than a specified degree; Y-axis: Heritability estimates with ± 2 <i>s</i>.<i>e</i>.</p

Body measurements, blood biochemistry and blood pressure measurements in offspring by parental group.

<p>Box-and-whiskers plots show median and IQR (‘<b>+’</b> within the box denotes mean value) for the OMD (white boxes), OFD (hatched boxes) and ONoPD (grey boxes) in males (left) and females (right); box-and whiskers for rest of cohort (RoC, i.e. all those without diabetes excluded from the F₁-offspring groups, [black boxes] for males and females) are also shown for comparison. Graphs are shown for Waist (A), HDL-cholesterol (B), Glucose (C), Systolic-blood pressure (D), Diastolic-blood pressure (E), BMI (F) and Percent body-fat (G). Groups were compared by Kruskal-Wallis, with level of significance between the groups indicated (* P<0.05, **P<0.01, *** P<0.001, **** P<0.0001).</p

Results of variance component analysis using final selected models for anthropometric and cardiometabolic traits in GS20K.

<p>X-axis: names of phenotype; Y-axis: proportion of phenotypic/genetic variance explained by the different components. a) Proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genetics and environment for each trait. b) Proportion of phenotypic variance explained by different components kept in the selected model for each trait. c) Proportion of genetic variance explained by SNP-associated and pedigree-associated genetic effects.</p

Comparisons of sample sizes, number of non-zero off-diagonal entries and number of pairwise relationships of different degrees between GS10K and GS20K.

<p>Comparisons of sample sizes, number of non-zero off-diagonal entries and number of pairwise relationships of different degrees between GS10K and GS20K.</p

Results of variance component analyses for anthropometric and cardiometabolic traits using final models selected from the stepwise model selection and the full model in GS20K.

<p>Results of variance component analyses for anthropometric and cardiometabolic traits using final models selected from the stepwise model selection and the full model in GS20K.</p

Boxplots for estimates of each component obtained from models ‘G’, ‘K’, ‘F’, ‘S’, ‘C’, ‘GK’, ‘GKC’, ‘GKSC’ and ‘GKFSC’.

<p>X-axis: the contributors to the simulated phenotype and the model used (matched model); Y-axis: proportion of total phenotypic variance captured by each design matrix. Yellow lines: simulated value for each component. Parameter settings: = 0.3, = 0.2, = 0.1, = 0.1 and = 0.05. For example, the 2^nd boxplot of the 3^rd graph means that, the simulated phenotypes are contributed by 30%, 20%, 10% and 40% of SNP-associated, pedigree-associated, couple environmental and residual effects respectively; we conducted variance component analyses for all replicates using the matched model ‘<b>GKC</b>’ and the estimates of range from about 8% to 12% with a mean of 10%, as expected.</p

Illustration of the model and matrices.

<p>The diagram shows the relationship between the tested genetic/environmental effect and the individuals in an example pedigree. Each colour represents a specific effect and individuals affected by that effect are circled with that colour. People in grey or black are the people not in or in the data. Examples of how the relationship matrices for those effects look are also given.</p

Results of variance component analyses for anthropometric and cardiometabolic traits using final models selected from the stepwise model selection and the full model in GS10K.

<p>Results of variance component analyses for anthropometric and cardiometabolic traits using final models selected from the stepwise model selection and the full model in GS10K.</p

The effect of comorbidity on the occurrence of depression and/or angina in GS:SFHS overall.

<p>The effect of comorbidity on the occurrence of depression and/or angina in GS:SFHS overall.</p

Characteristics of the overall GS:SFHS, unrelated subset and sibling pairs subset^‡.

<p>Characteristics of the overall GS:SFHS, unrelated subset and sibling pairs subset<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0170653#t001fn001" target="_blank">^‡</a>.</p