Bio-Energy Generation: A Sustainable Environmental Technology for Waste Management

Abstract: -The paper reports prototype system has been developed, which is suitable for waste management. In Indian context Hostel & hotel industries increased vigorously during last two decades in most of the urban centers in India. The survey of some hostels, hotels showed that various kinds of solid wastes get generated and disposed off in nearby area without caring for any kind of treatment. These wastes can be grouped as Dry waste & Wet Waste. Amongst the various methodologies used for treating solid waste the reuse and / recycling methodology for dry waste whereas Biogas method for treatment of wet biodegradable solid waste found to be most suitable, feasible and economically viable method; It is eco friendly and purely natural process. The entire quantity of solid waste will get converted into biogas and NPK-rich organic manure. The process is very simple and. does not require highly technical personnel to operate it even to run in mega scale plants. The process is anaerobic decomposition of organic matter by a group of micro flora to produce biogas. It is alternative fuel for cooking, which will reduce the demand for fossil fuel. In this paper an Environmental Sound Technology (EST), pertaining to its experimental model with integration of various bio-systems discussed & a typical 25 cum Biogas digester is being design. Enhancing ecological literacy for waste material segregation at source

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)