Extracted Memory from Temporal Patterns Using Adaptive Resonance and Recurrent Network

We can recognize objects through receiving continuously huge temporal information including redundancy and noise, and can memorize them. This paper proposes a neural network model which extracts pre-recognized patterns from temporally sequential patterns which include redundancy, and memorizes the patterns temporarily. This model consists of an adaptive resonance system and a recurrent time-delay network. The extraction is executed by the matching mechanism of the adaptive resonance system, and the temporal information is processed and stored by the recurrent network. Simple simulations are examined to exemplify the property of extraction.Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Tokyo Information Systems Research Laboratory, Tokyo, Japa

The Influence of Antarctic Environment on Sleep in Man : Part 2. Autonomic Functions and States of Sleep (Biology and Medical Science)

Five healthy male subjects, members of the Japanese wintering party, participated in the investigation of seasonal changes in autonomic functions during sleep, besides relationship between autonomic functions and states of sleep at Syowa Station, Antarctica. Sleep polygraphic recordings including the indices of autonomic nervous system responses such as heart rate, respiratory rate, digital plethysmogram and skin potential reflex, were performed before the departure for Antarctica, in Antarctica and after returning to Japan. Mean heart rate during the whole night tended to increase in early-term in Antarctica, whereas mean respiratory rate during the whole night tended to decrease in the same period. On the other hand, with respect to heart rate during a shift from sleep cycle 1 to 4, it tended to increase or at least tended not to decrease in the first period of sleep in the course of all night sleep in Antarctica, whereas it tended to decrease progressively from the onset of sleep until the final sleep cycle in Japan. Furthermore, heart rate during SWS in sleep cycle 1 showed a negative correlation with %S4 of total sleep time. The results indicate that the sympathetic tone in the first period of sleep was enhanced by the low environmental temperature in Antarctica and suggest that proportion of SWS was modulated, at least in part, via the hypothalamus

The Influence of Antarctic Environment on Sleep in Man : Part 1. Environmental Factors and States of Sleep (Biology and Medical Science)

Five healthy male subjects, selected from the Japanese wintering group, were studied to obtain the information about not only the long-term changes in sleep patterns but also the relationship between sleep patterns and prominent environmental factors, presumably affecting sleep patterns. Sleep polygraphic recordings were performed together with other measurements such as time activity study of daily life, body weight, flicker test, CMI test etc. The six measurements were carried out at Syowa Station, Antarctica and a comparative measurement was done at Tokyo before departure for Antarctica and after return to Tokyo. No significant difference in total sleep time, sleep onset latency and REM onset latency was found during the periods of experiments. The proportion of SWS tended to decrease gradually in Antarctica, and to recover to the base-line data after the subjects returned to Japan. The changes in SWS showed a positive correlation with those of atmospheric temperature. On the other hand, REM sleep tended to decrease in mid-term and to increase in early- and late-term in Antarctica. The changes in REM sleep showed a positive correlation with those of the energy expenditure calculated from time activity study of daily life. On the contrary, the changes in average REM cycle length, average REM interval length and REM onset latency showed a negative correlation with those of the energy expenditure. These results indicate that the two kinds of sleep, namely, SWS and REM sleep, adapted individually to the two different external factors

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論

The role of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are a group of epigenetic regulators that can alter the assembly of nucleosomes and regulate the accessibility of transcription factors to DNA in order to modulate gene expression. One of these complexes, the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is mutated in more than 20% of human cancers. We have investigated the roles of the SWI/SNF complex in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), which is the most lethal type of cancer. Here, we reviewed the recent literature regarding the role of the SWI/SNF complex in pancreatic tumorigenesis and current knowledge about therapeutic strategies targeting the SWI/SNF complex in PDA. The subunits of the SWI/SNF complex are mutated in 14% of human PDA. Recent studies have shown that they have context-dependent oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles in pancreatic carcinogenesis. To target its tumor-suppressive properties, synthetic lethal strategies have recently been developed. In addition, their oncogenic properties could be novel therapeutic targets. The SWI/SNF subunits are potential therapeutic targets for PDA, and further understanding of the precise role of the SWI/SNF complex subunits in PDA is required for further development of novel strategies targeting SWI/SNF subunits against PDA

Brain-controlled cycling system for rehabilitation following paraplegia with delay-time prediction

Objective: Robotic rehabilitation systems have been investigated to assist with motor dysfunction recovery in patients with lower-extremity paralysis caused by central nervous system lesions. These systems are intended to provide appropriate sensory feedback associated with locomotion. Appropriate feedback is thought to cause synchronous neuron firing, resulting in the recovery of function. Approach: In this study, we designed and evaluated an ergometric cycling wheelchair, with a brain-machine interface (BMI), that can force the legs to move by including normal stepping speeds and quick responses. Experiments were conducted in five healthy subjects and one patient with spinal cord injury (SCI), who experienced the complete paralysis of the lower limbs. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the β band (18‐28 Hz) was used to detect lower-limb motor images. Main results: An ergometer-based BMI system was able to safely and easily force patients to perform leg movements, at a rate of approximately 1.6 seconds/step (19 rpm), with an online accuracy rate of 73.1% for the SCI participant. Mean detection time from the cue to pedaling onset was 0.83±0.31 s Significance: This system can easily and safely maintain a normal walking speed during the experiment and be designed to accommodate the expected delay between the intentional onset and physical movement, to achieve rehabilitation effects for each participant. Similar BMI systems, implemented with rehabilitation systems, may be applicable to a wide range of patients