14 research outputs found
Paleoparasitology of Schistosomiasis
Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2016-12-07T12:03:28Z
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PaleoparasitologySchistosomiasis.pdf: 41136 bytes, checksum: 5e204befe6bd38e5137f27c47bd5d2f4 (MD5)Rejected by Éder Freyre ([email protected]), reason: Refazer on 2017-02-14T13:24:17Z (GMT)Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2019-02-05T18:28:27Z
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PaleoparasitologySchistosomiasis.pdf: 41136 bytes, checksum: 5e204befe6bd38e5137f27c47bd5d2f4 (MD5)
license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1997Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Eighteen years ago, when we began our studies
in paleoparasitology, the main question proposed
was whether Schistosoma mansoni infection
has been really introduced by African slave trade
in South America or has it been present among
indians before Columbus. Up to now the question
remains without answer, but it is interesting to point
to some old and recent arguments regarding schistosome
infection in ancient times
Homens e parasitos: a contribuição da Paleoparasitologia para a questão do povoamento das Américas
Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2016-12-07T12:03:28Z
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HomensParasitos.pdf: 283908 bytes, checksum: eef0b522e0cf1b6fa43d310d19960f56 (MD5)Rejected by Éder Freyre ([email protected]), reason: Refazer on 2017-02-14T13:23:04Z (GMT)Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2019-02-05T18:27:27Z
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HomensParasitos.pdf: 283908 bytes, checksum: eef0b522e0cf1b6fa43d310d19960f56 (MD5)
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Previous issue date: 1997Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Desde o século passado alguns estudos em Parasitologia mostram que podem contribuir para a compreensão de migrações em tempos antigos, quer da espécie humana quer de outros animais. Essa linha de investigação teve importante contribuição de cientistas brasileiros e estrangeiros desenvolvendo suas pesquisas no Brasil
Factors Associated with Household and Family in Leprosy Transmission in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2016-12-07T12:03:31Z
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Hanseníase.pdf: 3025005 bytes, checksum: b99cbc2667c13ef6905fee649f2aa99a (MD5)Rejected by Éder Freyre ([email protected]), reason: Refazer on 2017-02-14T16:47:38Z (GMT)Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2019-02-06T17:07:06Z
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Previous issue date: 1994Instituto Estadual de Dermatologia Sanitária. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar algumas características dos domicílios e dos chefes de família como possíveis fatores de determinação da hanseníase. Compararam-se unidades domiciliares onde existiam casos de hanseníase com dois grupos de domicílios de não hansenianos. Como grupos de domicílios sem casos de hanseníase, estudaram-se os domicílios vizinhos dos doentes e os domicílios fora dos focos ou áreas sem casos de hanseníase. Todos os domicílios localizam-se no município de São Gonçalo, área endêmica urbana na periferia da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Em um mapa aerofotogramétrico, contendo a descrição dos 584 setores censitários, marcaram-se todos os 2412 casos diagnosticados residentes. Compararam-se os domicílios com casos de hanseníase, Grupo I, com os seus respectivos vizinhos (Grupo II) e com os domicílios fora do foco (Grupo III). Os domicílios do Grupo I foram pareados com os seus respectivos vizinhos (Grupo II) e processados pelo método condicional. Para a comparação entre os grupos I e grupo III, usou-se o método incondicional. O Grupo I comparado com o II apresentou associação entre idade e nível de escolaridade do chefe da família. A comparação das características dos chefes de família e dos domicílios com casos de hanseníase em relação aos localizados fora do foco mostrou, como fatores diferenciais, idade, tipo de casa e disponibilidade de pontos de água intradomiciliar. Os autores discutem que os contrastes da área fora do foco são indicativos de um assentamento populacional mais recente e não de fatores associados à hanseníase. Somente na análise pareada dos doentes com seus vizinhos, estando então os fatores ambientais da área de foco controlados, confirmou-se a associação da idade e do grau de escolaridade. Com os determinantes do nível particular próprio do grupo social, interagem, no nível individual, a idade e o grau de escolaridade como fatores que contribuem na morbidade da hanseníase nessa área do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.A cross-sectional study was carried out to characterize the contribution of several household characteristics to the transmission of leprosy. Households with diagnosed cases of illness were compared to two healthy groups. All randomly selected households were located in the municipality of Sao Goncalo, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Using an aerial map with the description of the census tract, 2,412 cases were marked. Three groups were established, while the household was the analytical unit: group I - households with cases; group II - neighboring households; and group III - households located in tracts with no reported case of illness, that is, outside disease foci. Group I was compared with that of neighboring households using a multiple logistic regression model by conditional methods. Unconditional methods were used to compare groups I and III. Group I as compared to Group II showed an association with age and educational level for households and heads of families. Comparison of characteristics of the heads of families and households with cases of leprosy with those located outside the focus showed that the differential factors were age, type of dwelling, and availability of running water. This is probably due to more recent settlement in a peripheral region where water resources are not available yet. Households are the basic ecological unit, and age and educational level are determinant factors for leprosy morbidity in this area
Study of adhesion to treatment of the leprosy in municipal district of Duque de Caxias - Rio de Janeiro Abandoning or abandoned?
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Previous issue date: 2001Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil / Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso. Cáceres, MT, Brasil.Conselho Nacional de Secretários Municipais de Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil / Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro. Coordenação Geral de Controle e Avaliação. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os fatores determinantes do abandono do tratamento da hanseníase no município de Duque de Caxias, região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, área hiperendêmica com um dos maiores índices de abandono do tratamento no Estado nos últimos anos. Dos 855 casos notificados entre 1995 e 1997, construíram-se coortes administrativas com 483 pacientes, 160 casos multibacilares e 323 paucibacilares. Destes, 73 casos estavam classificados pelo nível local como em abandono de tratamento. Verificou-se que os casos multibacilares têm o dobro de chance de abandonar o tratamento em relação aos casos paucibacilares (RPC= 2,07 (1,21 - 3,55)). Este aspecto tem especial relevância quando consideramos que tais casos apresentaram até cinco vezes mais incapacidades físicas que os casos paucibacilares. Na análise espacial observou-se que tanto a detecção quanto o abandono distribuem-se por toda área do município. Os resultados mostram que as taxas de abandono estão superestimadas, quando avaliadas segundo o atual esquema terapêutico proposto para casos multibacilares. Além disso, ao se considerar o índice de adesão, tais casos não têm significado epidemiológico na manutenção da transmissão da hanseníase visto que apenas 3,5% dos pacientes receberam doses insuficientes. Para um maior sucesso no controle desta endemia recomenda-se que as estratégias adotadas sejam voltadas para a detecção precoce de casos, o que terá influência na redução do abandono do tratamento.The objective of this research was to analyze the most
important determinants of leprosy treatment default in the
municipality of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
which is an area of high endemicity for leprosy and presents
one of the highest rates of treatment default in the state.
From the 855 cases reported between 1995 and 1997,
administrative cohorts were built with a total of 483 patients,
160 multibacilary and 323 paucibacilary cases. Seventythree cases were registered at the local level as treatment
default. It was observed that multibacilary cases have twice
the chance of defaulting treatment when compared to
paucibacilary cases (OR= 2,07 (1,21 - 3,55)). This is of
special interest when considering that multibacilary cases
present up to five times more physical disability than paucibacilary cases. GIS analysis showed that both detection
and treatment default are distributed throughout the entire
municipality. The results indicate that the rates of treatment
default are overestimated when considering the current
treatment protocol proposed for multibacilary cases. In
addition, when analyzing the compliance indices, these
cases are of no epidemilogic importance for the
maintenance of leprosy transmission since only 3.5% of the
patients received insufficient doses. To increase the success
in the control of leprosy it is recommended that the
strategies adopted focus on early detection, which will
influence on the reduction of treatment default
The role of mummy studies in Paleoparasitology
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Previous issue date: 2000Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Nebraska. Department of Anthropology. Lincoln, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.El estudio de la paleoparasitología ha logrado transformarse, en esta última década, en una ciencia basada en la estadística, enfocada a temas tales como la ecología de enfermedades y la distribución geográfica parasítica. Los primeros estudios se basaron en el análisis de coprolitos y sedimentos letrinos. Ultimamente, se ha incorporado restos humanos momificados en los estudios paleoparasitologicos. En este trabajo, se analiza el valor
interpretativo de este tipo de muestra en relación a otras fuentes de información paleoparasitológica.Paleoparasitology has advance during the past decade to the status of a statistically based science focused on problems of disease ecology and geographic distribution of parasitism. For most of its development, paleoparasitology has focused on the analysis of coprolites and latrine sediments. During the past few years, mummies have been increasingly included in paleoparasitology studies. We evaluate in this paper the interpretive value of mummies relative to other sources of paleoparasitological data
Parasite findings in archeological remains: diagnosis and interpretation
Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2016-12-07T12:03:30Z
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Previous issue date: 2007Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Nebraska–Lincoln. School of Natural Resources. Lincoln, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Paleoparasitology has contributed to resolving the debate about the peopling of the Americas and determining the antiquity of human parasite infection. Hookworm (Ancylostomidae) and whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and other exclusive human intestinal parasites have been recorded in pre-Columbian America. These parasite species originated in pre-hominids and have accompanied humans across continents when people went out of Africa. However, for those human populations that crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Siberia to Alaska, cold climate conditions hampered parasite transmission. Alternative migration routes have been proposed to explain the presence of these parasites in pre-Columbian populations in the Americas. Other parasites were established in the New World long before humans entered the American continents. One such malady is Chagas disease. Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, offers an example of how animals and humans have interacted in the past. Classical theory points to the origin and dispersion of human T. cruzi infection among Andean populations, starting with sedentary habits and animal domestication 6000 years ago. However, recent PCR results in mummified bodies outside the Andean region have challenged this theory. Pre-Columbian Brazilian mummies were found positive for T. cruzi infection, raising an alternative hypothesis on the antiquity of Chagas disease in the Americas. Paleoparasitology is a new tool to study past events, shedding light on human and other animal behavior, migration routes, diet, and other aspects of host parasite environment evolution
Paleoparasitology in Brazil
Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2016-12-07T12:03:31Z
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Previous issue date: 2002Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Neste artigo faz-se uma revisão sobre o início da paleoparasitologia no Brasil e seu desenvolvimento. A pesquisa de parasitos em vestígios humanos pode trazer informações sobre questões tais como a origem e antiguidade da relação parasito-hospedeiro, distribuição de parasitos através do tempo e migrações humanas pré-históricas. O estudo de seqüências de ADN de parasitos encontrados em tecidos mumificados e coprólitos pode ser uma importante fonte de informação para filogenia e co-evolução parasito-hospedeiro. A análise de ácidos nucléicos de parasitos encontrados em material arqueológico (paleoparasitologia molecular) abre novas perspectivas para estudos sobre evolução ao nível molecular.We review the beggining of paleoparasitology and its development in Brazil. The search of parasites in ancient human remains can throw light on such questions as origin and antiquity of parasite-host relationship, general distribution of parasites through time and prehistoric human migrations. The study of parasite DNA sequences found in mummified tissues and coprolites can be an important source of information for phylogenetic and host-parasite coevolution. The nucleic acid based techniques (molecular paleoparasitology) open a new perspective to evolution at a molecular level
Analysis of ancient DNA from coprolites: a perspective with randon amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction approach
Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2016-12-07T12:03:29Z
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Previous issue date: 2003Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Genética. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microorganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Genética. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microorganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The aim of this work was to determine approaches that would improve the quality of ancient DNA (aDNA) present in coprolites to enhance the possibility of success in retrieving specific sequence targets. We worked with coprolites from South American archaeological sites in Brazil and Chile dating up to 7,000 years ago. Using established protocols for aDNA extraction we obtained samples showing high degradation as usually happens with this kind of material. The reconstructive polymerization pretreatment was essential to overcome the DNA degradation and the serial dilutions helped with to prevent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors. Moreover, the random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR has been shown to be a reliable technique for further experiments to recover specific aDNA sequences
Leprosy spread in urban area, part II: reactivity of Soluble Antigen (SA) in three different groups of leprosy contacts in São Gonçalo Rio de Janeiro State Brazil
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Previous issue date: 1990Superintendência de Saúde Coletiva. Secretaria do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Programa de Controle da Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Superintendência de Saúde Coletiva. Secretaria do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Programa de Controle da Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Superintendência de Saúde Coletiva. Secretaria do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Programa de Controle da Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Em três grupos diferentes de contatos de pacientes de Hanseníase foram observados resultados da intradermorreação ao Antígeno Solúvel (AS). Em área urbana endêmica para hanseníase (taxa de prevalência de 2,87 por 1.000 habitantes); foram estudados três grupos: 1) Contatos intradomiciliares ou conviventes com um caso por mais de um ano. 2) Contatos de vizinhança ou extradomiciliares e 3) Habitantes nas áreas distantes do foco. Trinta e nove por cento das 1569 intradermorreações foram positivas. Demonstrou-se uma associação entre a positividade da intradermorreação e proximidade de fonte de infecção, com a idade e o tempo de residencia no mesmo domicílio. Considerou-se o AS um bom instrumento para a identificação de grupos de riscos para a hanseníase, embora os achados não quantifiquem seu valor preditivo no diagnóstico individual da infecção.In three different groups of leprosy contacts there were observed results of intradermoreaction to the soluble antigen (SA). In urban area endemic for leprosy (prevalence rate of 2,87 per 1.000 inhabitants) there were studied three groups: 1) intradomiciliary contacts or living together with a case for more than one year; 2) neighboring contacts or extradomiciliary one's; 3) inhabitants in the areas far from the focus. Thirty nine per cent of the 1.569 intradermoreactions were positive. It was demonstrated an association between the positiveness of the intradermoreaction and the proximity of the infection source, with the age and the time of residence in the same dwelling. The SA was considered a good instrument for the identification of the groups of risk for leprosy, although the findings do not quantify its predicting value in the individual diagnosis of the infection
Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis infections and associated risk factors in different populations of both gender in Manaus city
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Previous issue date: 2008Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Universidad Calixto Garcia. Havana, Cuba.Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Introdução: a infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) é uma DST de alta prevalência no mundo e quando não diagnosticada pode, principalmente
nas mulheres, progredir com seqüelas graves. No Brasil não se conhece com precisão o padrão de comportamento epidemiológico da infecção por
CT. Objetivo: estimar prevalência e fatores associados à infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis em segmentos de população sexualmente ativa da cidade
de Manaus. Métodos: durante 2004 e 2005 foi realizado estudo de corte seccional com 1.762 pessoas (1.007 mulheres e 755 homens) divididos
em grupos de baixo risco (598 gestantes e 600 homens trabalhadores de indústrias) e de maior vulnerabilidade (409 mulheres e 155 homens em clínica
de DST). Para o diagnóstico, empregou-se captura híbrida/DIGENE nas mulheres e PCR Cobas Amplicor CT/NG/Roche nos homens.
Resultados: a prevalência global foi de 7,5%, em mulheres de 11,1% e nos homens de 2,8% (p = 0,000000). As taxas para gestantes e mulheres com
DST foram de 11,9% e 10,0% (p = 0,36) e 3,0% e 1,9% para trabalhadores de indústrias e homens com DST (p = 0,65). Prevalências elevadas foram
observadas nos adolescentes e nas gestantes (14,8%). Mulheres apresentaram risco de infecção quatro vezes maior do que os homens [ORprev. =
4,38 (IC 95% 2,66 7,26); p = 0,0000000], a razão de prevalência (RP) foi 4 e a prevalência atribuível para mulheres foi de 8,3. Prevalência em
mulheres com mais de um parceiro foi de 16,6% (42/253), superior àquelas que só tiveram um parceiro 9,3% (70/753 p = 0,001). O risco de infectarse
foi o dobro nas com mais de um parceiro [ORPrev.= 1,74 (OR 95% 1,26 2,99); p = 0,002]. Mulheres com parceiro portador de corrimento uretral
representaram agravo [OR = 4,4 (IC 95% 2,15 9,21); p = 0,0000104]. A co-infecção com Neisseria gonorrhoeae ocorreu em 17,3%. Conclusão: a
prevalência nas mulheres é intermediária (aproximadamente 10%) quando comparada com as taxas publicadas na literatura internacional. A taxa em
mulheres é significativamente maior do que nos homens e as maiores prevalências correspondem às adolescentes, sendo os principais fatores associados à infecção o incremento no número de parceiros e ter parceiro com corrimento uretral.Introduction: infection by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is an STD of high prevalence in the world and when it is not diagnosed it can, especially
among women, progress with grave sequels. In Brazil, the epidemiological behavior trend of the infection is not well-known. Objective: estimate the
prevalence and factors associated with the infection by Chlamydia trachomatis in segments of the sexual active population of Manaus. Methods:
during 2004 and 2005 a study was performed of seccional cuts with 1.762 people (1.007 women and 755 men) divided in groups of low risk (598 pregnant women and 600 manufacture industry workers) and of higher vulnerability (409 women and 155 men in STD clinics). For the diagnostic, hybrid
capture/DIGENE in women and PCR “Cobas Amplicor CT/NG/Roche” in men. Results: the global prevalence was of 7.5% in women and 11.1% in
men, with 2.8% (p = 0). The prevalence for pregnant women with STD were 11.9% and 10% (p = 0.36) and 3% and 1.9% for manufacture industry
workers and men with STD (p = 0.65). High prevalence was observed in adolescents and pregnant women (14.8%). Women showed a risk of infection
four times higher than those of men, [ORprev. = 4,38 (C.I. 95% 2.66-7.26); p = 0]. The prevalence reason was 4 and the prevalence attributed to
women was 8.3. The prevalence in women with more than one sexual partner was of 16.6% (42/253), superior to those that had only one partner, who
had a prevalence 9.3% (70/753 p = 0.001). This is two times the risk of infection [ORprev. = 1,74 (OR 95% 1.26–2.99); p = 0,002]. Women with partners that had urethral discharge worsened the prevalence rate [OR = 4.4 (IC 95% 2.15–9.21); p = 0.0000104]. The co-infection with Neisseria gonorrhoea happened in 17.3% of the cases. Conclusion: the prevalence of women is intermediary (approximately 10%) when compared to those rates
published in international literature. The prevalence in women is significantly higher than those of men and higher prevalence corresponds to adolescents. The main factors associated with the infection were the increment in the number of partners and having partners with urethral discharge