Micropropagationof Male and Female Trees of Andaleh (MorusmacrouraMiq.) through In-vitro Culture using Several Compositionsof Basal Medium

Andalehis the local name of  MorusmacrouraMiq. in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Nowadays, this dioeciously speciesis in endangered situation. The aim of the research is to find out the appropriate combination of plant growth regulator to induce shoot multiplication of explants from male and female trees of andaleh. The plantlets from this research will be used in the next future to conserve this endangered species in vitro and in vivo, especially in preparing parental material in breeding program. Young buds from male and female trees were used as an explants in basal medium Murashige and Skoog supplemented with BAP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg.L-1) in combination with NAA (1.0 mg.L-1 for each).  The frequency of bud break was 50 % in MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg.L-1) and NAA 1.0 mg.L-1 for both source of explants (female and female trees of andaleh) after 3 weeks of culture. Generally, the number of shoot induction was very low. On the other hand, the rate of callus formation was high (100%) in highest BAP concentration (2.0 mg.L-1)

The Effect of Rhizopus sp. Concentration and Fermentation Time on the Characteristics of Country Chicken Egg White Flour

The process of making domestic chicken egg white flour can be done by drying using an oven at 105 0C. To avoid the Maillard reaction, fermentation was carried out with Rhizopus sp. first. In this study, Rhizopus sp. concentrations of 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 % and fermentation times of 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours were used. The aim of the research was to analyze the effect of the concentration of Rhizopus sp. yeast and the length of fermentation time on the characteristics of the egg white flour produced. The results showed that the concentration of Rhizopus sp. yeast and the length of fermentation time had an effect on the yield of egg white flour (P<0.05). The highest yield was obtained from using a concentration of 0.8 % and a fermentation time of 24 hours, namely 14.40 %. The lowest water content value was obtained from using a concentration of 0.2 % and a fermentation time of 6 hours, namely 5.66 %. The highest brightness test value was at a concentration of 0.8 % and a fermentation time of 24 hours, namely 63.4 %.

Agronomic Characters

Abstract— Maize (Zea mays L.) is the second important commodity after rice in Indonesia. As of 2015, more than 3 million tons of maize grain still need to be imported. It is caused by productivity of maize which remains low due to the lowness proportion of hybrid maize seed. In addition to a single cross, threeway cross seed is still necessary as alternatives for farmers rather than open pollinated cultivar ones. The purpose of this study was to evaluate grain yield of 11 prospective genotypes utilizing BISI 18 and Sukmaraga as control cultivars. Randomized block design (RBD) with three replications was adopted. The study was carried out in the dry season 2015. The result of this study showed that at 95% confidence level (a=0.05), prospective genotype SSUSX48274 performed significantly better than BISI 18 and Sukmaraga, while others yielded significantly better than Sukmaraga, but equal to BISI 18. All new prospective genotypes could be included in the multilocation trial in order to release superior varieties. Keywords— Productivity; seed; sukmaraga; Zea mays

Seed Physiological Changes matoa (Pometia pinnata) during Storage

Seed matoa classified into families Sapindaceae, Proper storage process in maintaining seed viability matoa undiscovered. During the process of the seed storage undergo metabolic processes that may affect the viability of the seed after the sto rage process. The purpose of this study to determine the germination of seeds matoa before and after storage. The study was designed in the form of completely randomized design. Based on the test results showed that matoa seed viability decreased after storage. Matoa seed viability decline in line with the decrease in seed moisture content after it is saved. Keywords— Power sprouts, seeds, Storage, Matoa

PEMATAHAN DORMANSI BENIH AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr) DENGAN BERBAGAI PERLAKUAN SKARIFIKASI DAN KONSENTRASI GIBERELIN (GA3)

Procurement of quality seeds and seedlings quickly available for consumers in sugar palm plantations still has many obstacles. Sugar palm seeds take a long time to germinate due to the dormancy period. One effort that can be done is scarification physically and chemically, including using gibberellins. This study aimed to determine the effect of scarification treatment and various concentrations of gibberellin (GA3) on breaking dormancy and germination of sugar palm seeds. This research was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, from March to August 2022. The design was used by completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial 3x4x3. The first factor was the scarification technique which consisted of three levels with using sandpaper, hand grinding, and sitting grinding. The second factor was soaking the seeds in GA3 solution with four levels which consisted of 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm. The results of this reseach showed that the seed scarification technique had effected on the seeds water content and the electrical conductivity of the sugar palm seeds, while seed scarification and gibberellin immersion had effected the dormancy time of the sugar palm seeds, but it didnot effect the germination ability of the sugar palm seeds. Seed scarification used a sitting grinding machine and gibberellins with concentration of 100 ppm would have efficiented the fastest breaking dormancy of sugar palm seeds in 18.67 days.INTISARIPengadaan benih bermutu dan bibit yang cepat tersedia bagi konsumen pada tanaman aren masih memiliki banyak kendala. Benih tanaman aren memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama untuk berkecambah yang disebabkan terjadinya masa dormansi. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan skarifikasi secara fisik dan kimia diantaranya dengan penggunaan giberelin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan skarifikasi dan berbagai konsentrasi giberelin (GA3) terhadap pematahan dormansi dan perkecambahan benih aren. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas pada bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2022. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dalam faktorial 3x4x3. Faktor pertama adalah teknik skarifikasi yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu menggunakan kertas amplas, gerinda tangan dan gerinda duduk dan faktor kedua adalah perendaman benih dalam larutan GA3 dengan empat taraf yaitu: 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm dan 150 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik skarifikasi benih berpengaruh terhadap kadar air benih dan daya hantar listrik benih aren, sedangkan skarifikasi benih dan perendaman giberelin berpengaruh terhadap waktu patah dormansi benih aren, namun tidak mempengaruhi daya berkecambah benih aren. Skarifikasi benih menggunakan mesin gerinda duduk dan giberelin konsentrasi 100 ppm menghasilkan waktu pematahan dormansi benih aren tercepat yaitu 18,67 hari

Kultur jaringan andalas

Background and Objective: Andaleh is the local name of Morus macroura Miq. in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Nowadays, this dioeciously species is in endangered situation. The aim of the research is to find out the appropriate combination of plant growth regulator to induce shoot multiplication of explants from male and female trees of andaleh. The plantlets from this research will be used in the next future to conserve this endangered species in vitro and in vivo, especially in preparing parental material in breeding program. Materials and Methods: Young buds from male and female trees were used as an explants in basal medium Murashige and Skoog supplemented with BAP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg.L-1) in combination with NAA (1.0 mg.L-1 for each). Results: The frequency of bud break was 50 % in MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg.L-1) and NAA 1.0 mg.L-1 for both source of explants (female and female trees of andaleh) after 3 weeks of culture. Generally, the number of shoot induction was very low. On the other hand, the rate of callus formation was high (100%) in the highest BAP concentration (2.0 mg.L-1)

PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH KELAPA SAWIT (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS JACQ.) BERDASARKAN POSISI BUAH PADA TANDAN

Buah kelapa sawit memiliki tingkat kematangan yang berbeda dalam satu tandan. Buah bagian pangkal tandan lebih muda dibandingkan ujung tandan, sehingga saat dikecambahkan benih tidak serempak pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan posisi buah terbaik untuk perkecambahan benih kelapa sawit. Penilitian berbentuk eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Perlakuan terdiri dari 6 taraf, yaitu posisi buah : pangkal tandan spikelet dalam, pangkal tandan spikelet luar, tengah tandan spikelet dalam, tengah tandan spikelet luar, ujung tandan spikelet dalam, dan ujung tandan spikelet luar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa secara umum posisi buah di tandan belum meningkatkan daya berkecambah, first count test, nilai indeks kecamba