Estimation of Bioactive Compound, Maslinic Acid by HPTLC, and Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity on Fruit Pulp of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Cultivars in India

Fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (family: Rhamnaceae), known as Indian jujube or “Ber,” are of potential nutritional and medicinal value. The objectives of the present study were to estimate bioactive compound maslinic acid by HPTLC method and to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of eight cultivars of Indian jujube. Maslinic acid and the fruit pulp of various cultivars of Indian jujube, namely, Gola, Sannur, Umaran, Mehrun, and Chhuhara, exhibited significantly high antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. HPTLC-densitometric method was developed for quantification of maslinic acid from fruits of Indian jujube cultivars. The trend of occurrence of maslinic acid in fruits pulp extracts was as follows: Gola > Sannur > Umaran > Mehrun > Chhuhara > Wild > Kadaka > Apple. A significant correlation was shown by maslinic acid content and prevention of oxidative stress induced by CCl4 in liver slice culture cell treated with extract. Maslinic acid along with its other phytoconstituents like phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid may act as a possible therapeutic agent for preventing hepatotoxicity caused by oxidative stress generated due to the prooxidants like CCl4. This is the first report of fruit pulp extracts of Z. jujube cultivars in India and maslinic acid preventing CCl4 induced damage in liver slice culture cell of mice

Determination of phenolic content and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"> in vitro </i>antioxidant potential of ethanol extract of seven sources of<span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic"> Ayurvedic drug ‘<span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic">Pittapapda’ </span></span>

81-87‘Pittapapda’ is a well known crude drug used in Indian system of traditional medicine for diarrhoea, liver disorders, leprosy, skin diseases, etc. This study presents antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of seven botanically different sources of ‘Pittapapda’, viz. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Glossocardia bosvallia (L.f.) DC., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Rostellularia procumbens (L.) Nees, Rungia repens (L.) Nees, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Naregamia alata Wight & Arn<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">., Fumaria vaillantii Loisel., Mollugo pentaphylla L. and Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. by means of various assays including 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl test by TLC and spectrophotometry, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), radical scavenging potential using photo-chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation. The trend of phenol content was as: G. boswallea > F. vaillantii > N. alata > P. corymbosa > M. pentaphylla > R. procumbens > <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">R. repens. Out of seven species, ethanol extracts of G. bosvallia, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">F. vaillantii and N. alata having high percentage of phenol content showed potent <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">in vitro antioxidant activity followed by moderate activity of M. pentaphylla and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"> P. corymbosa. The above study supports use of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">G. bosvallia, F. vaillantii and N. alata to treat liver disorder in traditional medicine as their ethanol extract exhibits potent inhibition of free radicals than other four species. </span

Botanical and phytochemical standardization of <i style="">Fumaria vaillantii</i> Loisel.

369-374Fumaria vaillantii Loisel. (Family-Fumariaceae), a well-known crude drug is used in Indian system of traditional medicine for diverse pharmacological activities like anthelmintic, antipsoriatic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective activity, etc. This study presents pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of whole plant of F. vaillantii to establish identification markers. Microscopy showes presence of starch grains, anomocytic stomata, parenchyma with thick and beaded wall, septate fibre with narrow lumen and blunt tips and vessels with pitted and spiral thickenings. Total ash was ≥ 5 % and alcohol soluble extractive value was two times higher than petroleum ether soluble extractive. Presence of protopine and rutin in methanol extract of whole plant at Rf 0.51 and 0.26 was observed and amount were 1.21± 0.07 and 1.03±0.0.6 mg/g, respectively. This helps in laying down botanical and phytochemical standards of F. vaillantii

Pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of leaf galls of <i>Kakadshringi </i>used in Indian system of medicine

700-704Kakadshringi, a well-known crude drug used as antidiarrheal in Indian system of traditional medicine, is leaf gall of Pistacia integrrima Stew. ex Brindis., Terminalia chebula Retz. and Garuga pinnata Roxb. This study presents pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation on galls of three botanically different plant species to establish identification markers. Phytochemical analysis revealed that gallic acid and phenol content were higher in P. integrrima than other two samples. Occurrence of gallic acid was: P. integerrima (15.41 ± 0.016 mg/g) > T. chebula (8.65 ± 0.024 mg/g) > G. pinnata (6.80 ± 0.0113 mg/g). Thus, P. integrrima, which contains higher amounts of tannins than T. chebula and G. pinnata, is recommended as potential for antidiarrheal activity

Development and validation of HPTLC fingerprints of three species of Alpinia with biomarker Galangin

Abstract Background Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. commonly called as Rasna, Greater galangal or Kulinjan is a medicinally important rhizome used in Indian traditional system of medicine to cure a number of ailments. A. galanga is the main source of a galangin -a medicinally important flavanol which has a number of pharmacological properties viz. anti-mutagenic, and anti-inflammatory. Due to the high demand for the rhizome of A. galanga traders are now substituting it with rhizomes of A. calcarata and A. officinarum. Methods The present study aims to develop high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprinting of A. galanga with its adulterants or substitutes and to quantify bioactive galangin present thereof. Methanolic extracts were obtained from rhizomes of the three species of Alpinia used for HPTLC analysis using silica gel 60 F254 plates and hexane: ethyl acetate: acetic acid (6.2: 2.8: 1.0 v/v/v); the densitometric analysis was performed at 272 nm. Results By comparison of Rf values and of the spectra of the bands with those of the standard galangin was identified in all three samples. HPTLC quantitative analysis of the methanolic extracts showed the decline trend in the quantity of the galangin in the three species of Alpinia as A. galanga (7.67 ± 0.36 mg/g) > A. officinarum (5.77 ± 0.71 mg/g) > A. calcarata (4.31 ± 0.44 mg/g). The HPTLC method was validated using International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The HPTLC method showed good linearity, recovery and high precision of biomarker. Conclusions Rapid and reproducible method is useful for routine analysis of galangin and quality control of Alpinia galangal along with its adulterants or substitutes

<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US">Bioactivity of indigenous plant <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Glossocardia bosvallia </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic">(L.f.) DC. against insect pests of stored products </span></span>

260-265The larvicidal, adulticidal, anti-feedant and oviposition deterrent activities of extracts of Glossocardia bosvallia were evaluated against stored product pests Callosobruchus chinensis, Corcyra cephalonica and Tribolium castaneum. Authenticated plant material was successively extracted with hexane, ethanol and water using ASE 100 accelerated solvent extractor (Dionex, Vienna, Austria). Of the three extracts assessed, hexane extract exhibited highly significant insecticidal and larvicidal effects to 3 stored grains pests. It has significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed adult emergence at doses of 30 and 60 mg/mL in wheat grains for C. cephalonica and T. castaneum and in green gram for C. chinensis. Furthermore, hexane extract at concentrations of 30 and 60 mg/mL significantly (p<0.001) reduced the growth rate, food consumption and food utilization indicating significant anti-feedent activity against C. cephalonica and T. castaneum. Commercially available plant based insecticide Neemarch® was used as standard. The trend of toxicity intensity was as: hexane > ethanol > water extract. Therefore, present study provides first report on the larvicidal and insecticidal activities of the plant extracts of G. bosvallia against three stored grain pest species from India. </span