Categorisation and skeletal muscle histopathological findings of cetaceans with a history of ship strikes.

<p>Legend: ^a<i>B.p.</i>, <i>Balaenoptera physalus</i>; <i>K.b.</i>, <i>Kogia breviceps</i>; <i>P. m., Physeter macrocephalus, Z. c., Ziphius cavirostris.</i>^b M, male; F, female. D. C. = Decomposition code, C. A. = complete amputation of part of the body; I. A. = incomplete amputation of part of the body by a single linear cut, P. I. = propeller injury; and N. D. = not determined.</p

Histopathological muscle findings.

<p><b>A</b>, cross-sectional view of a skeletal muscle sample from Case No. 8. Severe diffuse interfibrilar oedema was observed. No haemorrhages were present within the sample. Fibres varied greatly in size, many being large and swollen with flocculent, granular or/and hyalinised eosinophilic sarcoplasm. HE. Bar = 100 µm; <b>B</b>, longitudinal section of a skeletal muscle sample from Case No. 11. The degenerated myofibres with discoid degeneration displayed partial discontinuity of the sarcoplasm, which occasionally contained lysed plasma components, and an intact basal membrane (arrowhead). Fibres in advanced degeneration frequently had the appearance of nearly empty sarcolemmal sheaths (asterisk). HE. Bar = 50 µm; <b>C</b>, cross-sectional view of a skeletal muscle sample from Case No. 8. Multifocal sites of severe myofibre fragmentation that were surrounded by apparently intact fibres were present within the sample. PTAH. Bar = 100 µm; <b>D</b>, cross-sectional view of a skeletal muscle sample from Case No. 7. Multifocal sites of severe diffuse oedema were observed. Multiple sites of fragmentation and complete disorganisation of the internal structure of the affected muscle fibres were present (arrowhead). Some fibres lacking striations had formed globes within the damaged segments (asterisk). PTAH. Bar = 50 µm. Inset: Sarcoplasmic depletion of myoglobin (arrowhead) and extracellular accumulation of this protein (red globes) was appreciable in the damaged muscle fibres. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody directed against myoglobin; <b>E</b>, longitudinal section of a skeletal muscle sample from Case No. 1. Detail of the discoid degeneration of the myofibres, which in this case still retained the intramyocellular glycogen deposits. PAS. Bar = 50 µm; <b>F</b>, cross-sectional view of fibres from Case No. 1. Both types of fibres were affected by multifocal sites of severe and extensive discoid degeneration. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody directed against type II fibres. Bar = 200 µm.</p

Different types of injuries from ship collisions.

<p><b>A</b>, a male juvenile sperm whale presenting with complete amputation of the caudal fluke extending to the midlevel of the peduncle. Case No. 12; <b>B</b>, another male juvenile sperm whale presenting with a deep penetrating incision immediately caudal to the head, with skull fracture. Case No. 11; <b>C</b>, a female adult rorqual caught on the bow of a ship and carried into port. The whale presenting with a deep linear cut, with partial abdominal evisceration. Case No. 7; <b>D</b>, a female juvenile sperm whale presenting with 4 equally spaced linear cuts (i. e., propeller injury) that affected the skin, subcutaneous tissues and deep muscular tissues. Case No. 6.</p

CF of prototype plasmids in the presence of TZA-B.

<p>CF in the presence of 0.4 mM TZA-B (TZA-B, blue squares) or in its absence (C+, orange circles) using a representative set of conjugative plasmids. Each point represents the result of one independent experiment in logarithmic scale measured by plate-conjugation assay. Horizontal and vertical bars represent the mean ± SD of each group of data (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). Inc, incompatibility group [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148098#pone.0148098.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>].</p

Mobilization frequency (MF) in the presence of TZA-B.

<p>MF of three mobilizable plasmids in the presence of 0.4 mM TZA-B (TZA-B, blue squares) or in its absence (C+, orange circles), using four different helper plasmids. Each point represents the result of one independent experiment in logarithmic scale measured by plate-conjugation assay. Horizontal and vertical bars represent the mean ± SD of each group of data (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). ^<i>a</i> CFs of helper plasmids in the presence of mobilizable plasmids were similar to that obtained alone (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148098#pone.0148098.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>).</p

TZAs A, B and E structure and activity.

<p>(A) Chemical structure of TZAs A, B, and E. (B) CF of plasmid R388, measured by plate-conjugation assay and represented in logarithmic scale in the presence of 1 mM TZAs A, B, or E. C+, control in the absence of added compound. Bars represent the mean CF + SD of at least three independent experiments (*** p < 0.001).</p

Conjugation frequency (CF) in the presence of increasing concentrations of TZA-B.

<p>Values represent the mean CF ± SD of at least four independent experiments, measured by fluorescence-based HTC assay and relative to positive control in the absence of COINs (100%).</p

Structural elucidation of TZA-B.

<p>(A) Chemical structure of TZA-B, indicating carbon positions. (B) ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral data of TZA-B [δ (ppm), J_HH (Hz); CDCl₃].</p

Supplemental Material - Towards a personalized health care using a divisive hierarchical clustering approach for comorbidity and the prediction of conditioned group risks

Supplemental Material for Towards a personalized health care using a divisive hierarchical clustering approach for comorbidity and the prediction of conditioned group risks by J Ramón Navarro-Cerdán, Manuel Sánchez-Gomis, Patricia Pons, Santiago Gálvez-Settier, Francisco Valverde, Ana Ferrer-Albero, Inmaculada Saurí, Antonio Fernández and Josep Redon in Health Informatics Journal</p

Heavy metals (Hg, Se, Cd; mg/kg w.w.) and POPs (HCB, PCBs, DDTs, Total and Carcinogenic PAH; ng/g lwt.) concentrations in livers of the three necropsied sperm whales (no. 5, 6 and 7).

<p>Heavy metals (Hg, Se, Cd; mg/kg w.w.) and POPs (HCB, PCBs, DDTs, Total and Carcinogenic PAH; ng/g lwt.) concentrations in livers of the three necropsied sperm whales (no. 5, 6 and 7).</p