Analysis of the Mamaia Bay shoreline Retreat with Hard and Soft Protection Works

Integrated Coastal Zone Management is a complex concept that involves various economic, social and environmental factors. There are often conflicting approaches to these factors. Furthermore, when it is decided to implement structural works in the coastal area, it must be taken into account the particularity of the area, the way in which it is developed and the type of work to be done. The Gulf of Mamaia in the Romanian Black Sea coast is the target of structural changes through the implementation of an extensive coastal rehabilitation program. The works made are of “hard” type and aim to change the shore line configuration. From this perspective, the target of the present paper is to make an analysis between the type of work that is being carried out and another kind of "soft" work aiming especially to favor the ecological reconstruction of the area and the approach of an environmentally friendly concept. Thus, we propose to analyze the two types of works with a view to apply the Bruun rule in order to mitigate the effect of the increase of the sea level and to prevent the shoreline retreat

The Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanisms in HPV‐Induced Cervical Cancer

High‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes infection associates with cervical dysplasia and carcinogenesis. hr‐HPV transforming potential is based on E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins actions on cellular proteins. A persistent infection with hr‐HPV leads to progression from precursor lesions to invasive cervical cancer inducing changes in host genome and epigenome. Pathogenesis and development of cancer associated with both genetic and epigenetic defects alter transcriptional program. An important role for malignant transformation in HPV‐induced cervical cancer is played by epigenetic changes that occur in both viral and host genome. Furthermore, there are observations demonstrating that oncogenic viruses, once they integrated into host genome, become susceptible to epigenetic alterations made by host machinery. Epigenetic regulation of viral gene expression is an important factor in HPV‐associated disease. Gene expression control is complex and involves epigenetic changes: DNA methylation, histone modification, and non‐coding RNAs activity. Persistent infection with hr‐HPV can cause viral DNA integration into host genome attracting defense mechanisms such as methylation machinery. In this chapter, we aim to review HPV infection role in chromatin modification/remodeling and the impact of HPV infection on non‐coding RNAs in cervix oncogenesis. The reversible nature of epigenetic alterations provides new opportunities in the development of therapeutic agents targeting epigenetic modification in oncogenesis

Interplay of Epigenetics with Gynecological Cancer

Recent data on the cell deregulation that occurs during the progression to cancer underlines the cooperation between genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to a malignant phenotype. Unlike genetic alterations, the epigenetic changes do not affect the DNA sequence of the genes, but determine the regulation of gene expression acting upon the genome. Moreover, unlike genetic changes, epigenetic ones are reversible, making them therapeutic targets in various conditions in general and in cancer disease in particular. The term epigenetics includes a series of covalent modifications that regulate the methylation pattern of DNA and posttranslational modifications of histones. Gene expression can also be regulated at the posttranscriptional level by microRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small noncoding RNAs that inhibit the translation of mRNA to protein. miRNAs can act as ‘oncomiRs’, as tumor suppressors, or both. In this chapter, we will (1) summarize the current literature on the key processes responsible for epigenetic regulation: DNA methylation, histone modifications and posttranscriptional gene regulation by miRNAs; (2) evaluate aberrant epigenetic modifications as essential players in cancer progression; (3) establish the roles of microenvironment-mediated epigenetic perturbations in the development of gynecological neoplasia; (4) evaluate epigenetic factors involved in drug resistance

CLINICAL-EVOLUTIONARY AND DIAGNOSTIC PARTICULARITIES IN SEPTICEMIA

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroducere. În Europa, anual se înregistrează cca 500 mii cazuri de sepsis, letalitatea fiind 30-90%, bacteriile implicate sânt multirezistente, necesitând un tratament costisitor. Scopul lucrării. Determinarea particularităților clinico-evolutive și a etiologiei sepsisului, la pacienții cu hemoculturi și /sau LCR pozitive. Material și Metode. Pentru identificarea bacteriilor producătoare de beta-lactamaze sau carbapenemaze, au fost efectuate teste fenotipice (test de sinergie cu dublu disc, discurilor combinate (MastDisk Combi), Amp-C test cu cloxacilină, Test Normand Poirel, MAST CARBA PacE) și de diagnostic molecular. Genele de rezistenta de tip KPC, OXA-48, MBL au fost testate prin 2 metode: Combo Test, Combi Carba Plus, iar gena de tip OXA-48 a fost suplimentar testată prin teste imunocorma tografice. Prin metodele genotipice (PCR) au fost identificate bacteriile producătoare de carbapenemaze și genele de rezistență NDM, VIM, IMP. Rezultate. În perioada anilor 2019-2021, la pacienții spitalizați în SCR „T. Mosneaga”, din 59 din hemoculturi și un LCR pozitive s-au izolat bacterii: K. pneumoniae - 83.0%, E. coli - 16.94%. Prezența enzimelor ESBL s-a determinat în 40.67% cazuri, a carbapenemazelor în 33.89% cazuri, iar în 8.4% cazuri bacteriile produceau carbapenemaze + ESBL. 94.91% pacienți au fost spitalizați în secția de terapie intensivă, 5.09% - chirurgie, urologie și medicina internă. Bărbații au fost afectați în 71.18% cazuri, iar femeile în 28.81% cazuri. Concluzii. Rezistența microbiană este o povară socială și economică gravă și pentru Republica Moldova. 94,9% pacienții cu infecții determinate de bacterii multirezistente sunt spitalizați în secția de terapie intensivă. K. pneumoniae și E. coli sunt cele mai frecvente enterobacterii în etiologia sepsisului.Introduction. In Europe, about 500 thousand cases of sepsis are registered annually, the lethality being 30-90%, and the bacteria involved are multidrug-resistant requiring expensive treatment. The purpose of the paper. Determination of clinical-evolutionary features and etiology of sepsis in patients with positive blood cultures and / or CSF. Material and Methods. To identify beta-lactamase or carbapenemase-producing bacteria, phenotypic tests (double disc synergy, combined discs (MastDisk Combi), Amp-C cloxacillin test, Normand Poirel test, MAST CARBA PacE) and molecular diagnosis were performed. The KPC, OXA-48, MBL resistance genes were tested by 2 methods: Combo Test, Carbi Plus Combi, and the OXA-48 gene was further tested by immunocormatographic tests. Genotypic methods (PCR) identified carbapenemase-producing bacteria and resistance genes NDM, VIM, IMP. Results. During the years 20192021, in the patients hospitalized in SCR „T. Mosneaga ”, out of 59 from blood cultures and a positive CSF, bacteria were isolated: K.pneumoniae - 83.0%, E.coli - 16.94%. The presence of ESBL enzymes was determined in 40.67% of cases, of carbapenemases in 33.89% of cases, and in 8.4% of cases, the bacteria produced carbapenemases + ESBL. 94.91% of patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 5.09% - surgery, urology and internal medicine. Men were affected in 71.18% of cases, and women in 28.81% of cases. Conclusions. Microbial resistance is a serious social and economic burden for the Republic of Moldova as well. 94.9% of patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are hospitalized in the intensive care unit. K. pneumoniae and E. coli are the most common enterobacteria in the etiology of sepsis

Particularitati clinico-evolutive si de diagnostic in septicemie

Introduction. In Europe, about 500 thousand cases of sepsis are registered annually, the lethality being 30-90%, and the bacteria involved are multidrug-resistant requiring expensive treatment. The purpose of the paper. Determination of clinical-evolutionary features and etiology of sepsis in patients with positive blood cultures and / or CSF. Material and Methods. To identify beta-lactamase or carbapenemase-producing bacteria, phenotypic tests (double disc synergy, combined discs (MastDisk Combi), Amp-C cloxacillin test, Normand Poirel test, MAST CARBA PacE) and molecular diagnosis were performed. The KPC, OXA-48, MBL resistance genes were tested by 2 methods: Combo Test, Carbi Plus Combi, and the OXA-48 gene was further tested by immunocormatographic tests. Genotypic methods (PCR) identified carbapenemase-producing bacteria and resistance genes NDM, VIM, IMP. Results. During the years 2019- 2021, in the patients hospitalized in SCR „T. Mosneaga ”, out of 59 from blood cultures and a positive CSF, bacteria were isolated: K.pneumoniae - 83.0%, E.coli - 16.94%. The presence of ESBL enzymes was determined in 40.67% of cases, of carbapenemases in 33.89% of cases, and in 8.4% of cases, the bacteria produced carbapenemases + ESBL. 94.91% of patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 5.09% - surgery, urology and internal medicine. Men were affected in 71.18% of cases, and women in 28.81% of cases. Conclusions. Microbial resistance is a serious social and economic burden for the Republic of Moldova as well. 94.9% of patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are hospitalized in the intensive care unit. K. pneumoniae and E. coli are the most common enterobacteria in the etiology of sepsis.Introducere. În Europa, anual se înregistrează cca 500 mii cazuri de sepsis, letalitatea fiind 30-90%, bacteriile implicate sânt multirezistente, necesitând un tratament costisitor. Scopul lucrării. Determinarea particularităților clinico-evolutive și a etiologiei sepsisului, la pacienții cu hemoculturi și /sau LCR pozitive. Material și Metode. Pentru identificarea bacteriilor producătoare de beta-lactamaze sau carbapenemaze, au fost efectuate teste fenotipice (test de sinergie cu dublu disc, discurilor combinate (MastDisk Combi), Amp-C test cu cloxacilină, Test Normand Poirel, MAST CARBA PacE) și de diagnostic molecular. Genele de rezistenta de tip KPC, OXA-48, MBL au fost testate prin 2 metode: Combo Test, Combi Carba Plus, iar gena de tip OXA-48 a fost suplimentar testată prin teste imunocormatografice. Prin metodele genotipice (PCR) au fost identificate bacteriile producătoare de carbapenemaze și genele de rezistență NDM, VIM, IMP. Rezultate. În perioada anilor 2019-2021, la pacienții spitalizați în SCR „T. Mosneaga”, din 59 din hemoculturi și un LCR pozitive s-au izolat bacterii: K. pneumoniae - 83.0%, E. coli - 16.94%. Prezența enzimelor ESBL s-a determinat în 40.67% cazuri, a carbapenemazelor în 33.89% cazuri, iar în 8.4% cazuri bacteriile produceau carbapenemaze + ESBL. 94.91% pacienți au fost spitalizați în secția de terapie intensivă, 5.09% - chirurgie, urologie și medicina internă. Bărbații au fost afectați în 71.18% cazuri, iar femeile în 28.81% cazuri. Concluzii. Rezistența microbiană este o povară socială și economică gravă și pentru Republica Moldova. 94,9% pacienții cu infecții determinate de bacterii multirezistente sunt spitalizați în secția de terapie intensivă. K. pneumoniae și E. coli sunt cele mai frecvente enterobacterii în etiologia sepsisului

Impact of coastal protection systems on marine ecosystems

Various solutions, which consist of numerous techniques, technologies and planning measures, are testing for reduction shoreline erosion, precisely for protection shore against waves attack. These methods may affect the site's geology and geomorphology, involving changes of the habitats in the site. Coastal defense projects and ideas must take into account the structure and functions of protected natural areas and their conservation objectives in order to avoid threatening the species and/or habitats on the site. The ecological impacts expected from coast protection structures on short-term are mostly negative, may disturbance the birds from their habitat, and destruct the marine coastal habitats with their own flora and fauna. In this study, we are indicating the effects of coastal protection measures on the ecosystem. Therefore, we present a part of methods applied or which will be apply on the Romanian shoreline and the effects that have an impact on the species and/or habitats on the site. The methods referred to “hard” methods so to harder the shore with fixed structure (bulkhead, seawall, revetment, breakwaters, sills or groins) or “soft” methods like beach nourishment that is not a sustainable method in time. The protection structures like breakwaters and groins trap or add sand and will change the beach geometry this means that can introduce new artificial material, which is extensively and rapidly colonized by algae and marine animals. In the cases of beach nourishment, under water sand nourishment and mudflat recharge, there are impacts both at the borrow site (the sediment source) and the target site. In the zone of extraction of borrow, sediments appear a damage and mortality to the benthos. Finally, it can conclude that some of the effects are beneficial for socio-economic aspect, but it is important also, the environment, which can bring bad consequences for earth landscape and make the ecosystem, be unbalanced

Mechanisms of Oncogene Activation

The main modifications that characterize cancer are represented by alterations in oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and non-coding RNA genes. Most of these alterations are somatic and the process is a multistep one. Tumors often arise from an initial transformed cell, and after subsequent genetic alterations different cytogenetically clones lead to tumor heterogeneity

LIVER DISEASE IN CHILDREN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Liver disease is an early complication in children with cystic fi brosis (CF).The clinical manifestations in hepatobiliary disease of CF include neonatal cholestasis, liver steatosis, liver fi brosis, biliary lithiasis, focal biliary cirrhosis and multilobular cirrhosis, with or without portal hypertension. Changes in the tests evaluating the liver function are inconsistent and are not correlated with the severity of the liver lesions. The diagnosis of liver disease in CF requires the presence of at least two of the following four diagnosis criteria:clinical manifestations, pathologic liver function tests, ultrasound and histologic changes.The annual follow-up to evaluate the liver function is s recommended for diagnosis of asymptomatic liver disease and early initiation of treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid.The improvement of the liver function infl uences life quality and increases the survival rate in patients with CF

Histone lysine demethylases as epigenetic modifiers in HPV-induced cervical neoplasia

Abstrac