Risk factors for development of non-specific musculoskeletal pain in preteens and early adolescents: a prospective 1-year follow-up study-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Risk factors for development of non-specific musculoskeletal pain in preteens and early adolescents: a prospective 1-year follow-up study"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/8/46</p><p>BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2007;8():46-46.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1891107.</p><p></p>roportions of originally pain-free children who developed musculoskeletal pain at 1-year follow-up

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Prostate cancer-specific survival among warfarin users in the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer

ATC codes for anticoagulant drugs included in the study. (DOCX 207 kb

Overall cancer cancer mortality by NSAID current use versus non-use stratified by patient characteristics in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial.

<p>Overall cancer cancer mortality by NSAID current use versus non-use stratified by patient characteristics in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial.</p

Overall cancer mortality and lag time analyses by amount, duration and intensity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial during 1996–2012.

<p>Overall cancer mortality and lag time analyses by amount, duration and intensity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial during 1996–2012.</p

Overview of published population-based studies assessing the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB^*) among both sexes (MEDLINE and PubMed search to December 2006) with present study (<i>in chronological order</i>)

*<p>OAB, overactive bladder; UTI, urinary tract infection</p>†<p>In the European study, in five out of six countries, telephone interview was used (excluding Spain where direct interviews were conducted due to lower proportion of households having telephone)</p>‡<p>Out of 11,740 participants (of 17,231 households contacted), 5,539 were considered ineligible. To calculate response rate, the number of respondents was divided by eligible participants (<i>the former response rate</i>). If same proportion of non-participants, as there were ineligible among participants (47%), were also considered ineligible, response rate was greater (<i>the latter response rate</i>).</p>§<p>Study sample was close to representative of the general population regarding age, and/or age-standardization was used.</p

Figure 2

<p>The prevalence of overactive bladder in Finland, 2003–2004. The blue bars indicate men with overactive bladder and the red bars women with overactive bladder. Age-standardization was performed using the general population <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000195#pone.0000195-The1" target="_blank">[21]</a>.</p

Exclusions of the study population of overactive bladder analysis: number of excluded subjects among 1725 men and 2002 women in Finland, 2003–2004

*<p>Acute (in past 2 weeks) or chronic urinary tract infection.</p>†<p>Excluding renal cancer.</p>‡<p>Due to e.g. painful bladder syndrome or radiation.</p>§<p>Puerperium defined as 6 weeks after childbirth.</p

Figure 3

<p>Age-standardized prevalence of overactive bladder symptoms among Finnish people aged 18–79 years, 2003–2004. The red circle represents subjects with overactive bladder without urgency incontinence excluding the area of the red oval representing subjects with overactive bladder with urgency incontinence. The blue circle represents subjects with urinary frequency (defined as more than eight voids per day) and the green circle nocturia (defined as more than one void per night). Age-standardization was performed using the general population <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000195#pone.0000195-The1" target="_blank">[21]</a>.</p

Warfarin use and prostate cancer risk in the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer

<p><b>Objective:</b> Anticoagulants, especially vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin, have been hypothesized to have antitumor properties, and use of VKAs has been associated with a lower prostate cancer (PCa) risk. This study estimated PCa risk among users of warfarin and other anticoagulants.</p> <p><b>Materials and methods:</b> All anticoagulant use among 78,615 men during 1995–2009 was analyzed. Cox regression, adjusted for age, screening trial arm and use of other medications, with medication use as a time-dependent variable, was used to estimate PCa risk overall, and by tumor grade and stage.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> In total, 6537 men were diagnosed with PCa during 1995–2009 (1210 among warfarin users). Compared to non-users, warfarin use was associated with an increased risk of PCa [multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.22]. This was limited to short-term, low-dose use, and was not observed in long-term use. A similar overall risk increase was observed for Gleason grade 7–10 PCa. Low-dose, short-term use of warfarin was associated with an increased risk of metastatic PCa. However, the increase in risk vanished with continued use. Compared to other anticoagulants, low-dose use of warfarin was associated with a slightly elevated overall PCa risk (HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.00–1.43). The increase in risk disappeared in long-term, high-dose use.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study, which included a larger number of PCa cases with warfarin exposure than previous studies, does not support previous notions of decreased risk of PCa among warfarin users. A similar risk of PCa was found among warfarin users and the general population, and no difference in risk was found between warfarin and other anticoagulants.</p

Number of total prostate cancer cases and aggressive prostate cancer cases among the family members stratified by the alleles for rs4242382 & rs10486567 loci.

<p>Number of total prostate cancer cases and aggressive prostate cancer cases among the family members stratified by the alleles for rs4242382 & rs10486567 loci.</p