Rapid Hydrogen Shift Scrambling in Hydroperoxy-Substituted Organic Peroxy Radicals

Using quantum mechanical calculations, we have investigated hydrogen shift (H-shift) reactions in peroxy radicals derived from the atmospheric oxidation of 1-pentene (CH_2═CHCH_2CH_2CH_3) and its monosubstituted derivatives. We investigate the peroxy radicals, HOCH_2CH(OO)CR_1HCH_2CH_3, HOCH_2CH(OO)CH_2CR_1HCH_3, and HOCH_2CH(OO)CH_2CH_2CR_1H_2, where the substituent R_1 is an alcoholic (OH), a hydroperoxy (OOH), or a methoxy (OCH_3) group. For peroxy radicals with an OOH substituent, the H-shift reaction from the hydrogen atom on the OOH group to the OO group is extremely fast. We find that the rate constants of this type of H-shift reactions are greater than 10^3 s^(–1) for both the forward and the reverse reactions. It leads to the formation of two different radical isomers that react through different reaction mechanisms and yield different products. These very fast H-shift reactions are much faster than the reactions with NO and HO_2 under most atmospheric conditions and must be included in the atmospheric modeling of volatile organic compounds where hydroperoxy peroxy radicals are formed

The Impact of Multifaceted Osteoporosis Group Education on Patients’ Decision-Making regarding Treatment Options and Lifestyle Changes

Introduction. Patients with chronic diseases like osteoporosis constantly have to make decisions related to their disease. Multifaceted osteoporosis group education (GE) may support patients’ decision-making. This study investigated multifaceted osteoporosis GE focusing on the impact of GE on patients’ decision-making related to treatment options and lifestyle. Material and Methods. An interpretive description design using ethnographic methods was utilized with 14 women and three men diagnosed with osteoporosis who attended multifaceted GE. Data consisted of participant observation during GE and individual interviews. Results. Attending GE had an impact on the patients’ decision-making in all educational themes. Patients decided on new ways to manage osteoporosis and made decisions regarding bone health and how to implement a lifestyle ensuring bone health. During GE, teachers and patients shared evidence-based knowledge and personal experiences and preferences, respectively, leading to a two-way exchange of information and deliberation about recommendations. Though teachers and patients explored the implications of the decisions and shared their preferences, teachers stressed that the patients ultimately had to make the decision. Teachers therefore refrained from participating in the final step of the decision-making process. Conclusion. Attending GE has an impact on the patients’ decision-making as it can initiate patient reflection and support decision-making

Not for the World of Theorizing But for the Need of Knowledge in the Nursing Discipline

Research networks have significant value and are essential for conducting high-quality applied health research. In this article, we describe the establishment, content, and contribution of a Danish national qualitative interpretive description (ID) network. There are only a few examples of clinical research networks and in most qualitative research methodology is not highly prioritized. Still, a number of nurses and allied health professionals work with qualitative methods and applied health research. This may call for different kinds of networks depending on the geographical context, management support, background, and goal of the network. In this article, we share our knowledge of different kinds of networks and in particular our experiences with an ID knowledge-creating network. The network has provided us with results in the form of stimulating professional conversations and discussions. It has also strengthened the methodological depth of our research and the epistemological standpoints