Quantum Image Representation Methods Using Qutrits

Quantum Image Processing (QIP) is a recent highlight in the Quantum Computing field. All previous methods for representing the images as quantum states were defined using qubits. One Quantum Image Representation (QIR) method using qutrits is present in the literature. Inspired by the qubit methods and the higher state-space available for qutrits, multiple QIR methods using qutrits are defined. First, the ternary quantum gates required for the representations are described and then the implementation details for five qutrit-based QIR methods are given. All the methods have been simulated in software, and example circuits are provided.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures, 1 tabl

An undocumented variation involving auriculotemporal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve and middle meningeal artery

Auriculotemporal nerve typically has two roots, encircling the middle meningeal artery, one anterior to it and another posterior to it as well as maxillary artery. The middle meningeal artery is largest of the meningeal arteries, ascends between the sphenomandibular ligament and lateral pterygoid muscle and traverses between the roots of the auriculotemporal nerve before entering the cranial cavity through the foramen spinosum. The knowledge of the neurovascular relationships of the infratemporal region is significant in surgical practice. We present a case of unusual communication between the auriculotemporal nerve and inferior alveolar nerve together with an extraordinary change in relations with the middle meningeal artery. Some clinical implications that these relations may have on the development of the supplementary innervations and the surgical interventions in this region are discussed in this article

On Modifying the Variational Quantum Singular Value Decomposition Algorithm

In this work, we discuss two modifications that can be made to a known variational quantum singular value decomposition algorithm popular in the literature. The first is a change to the objective function which hints at improved performance of the algorithm and decreases the depth of the circuits. The second modification introduces a new way of computing expectation values of general matrices, which is a key step in the algorithm. We then benchmark this modified algorithm and compare the performance of our new objective function with the existing one.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, 2 table

Operation of Circuit Breaker with the help of Password

A circuit breaker is an electrical switch use to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by faults. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and protect from it. Fuse operates once after that it must be replaced but a circuit breaker can be reset to resume normal condition. During the manual operation, we see inoperable electrical accidents to the line man are rises during maintenance due to improper communication between the maintenance staff and the substation staff. In order to prevent such accidents, password based circuit breaker is design so that only authentic person can operate it with a password. There is also a facility of changing the password. The system is fully controlled by the microcontroller. The password is saved in an EEPROM, interfaced to the microcontroller and the password can be changed any time. A keypad is used to submit the password and a relay to operate circuit breaker, which is indicated by a bulb. Any wrong attempt to open the circuit breaker by entering the wrong password an alert will be shown in the LCD

Reconstruction of Head and Neck Defects with Lower Trapezius Myocutaneus Flap

Introduction  High lateral and posteriorly based defects are challenging to reconstruct as mobilization of conventional pedicled flaps is difficult. This study was done to evaluate the usefulness of lower trapezius myocutaneous flap (LTMC) in selected cases as a reconstructive alternative to other pedicled flaps which have positional and technical disadvantages and/or in cases where free flap is not possible. Materials and Methods Ten cases of locally advanced (T3 and T4) high and laterally placed head and neck carcinoma (8 cases of SCC involving posterior scalp, ear lobule, skin anterior to tragus and 2 cases of locally advanced salivary gland malignancies involving parotid glands) irrespective of sex had been selected. Due to non-availability of plastic surgeon in the institute none of the patient could be subjected to free flap reconstruction. All the patients received post operative adjuvant radiotherapy and were followed up on a monthly basis for six months at least. Results                      Out of total 10 cases 5 underwent wound infection and dehiscence at recipient site. In 3 cases there were donor site seroma. In 2 cases healing was uneventful.  However in all cases the flap was healthy and flap survival was 100%. There was no flap contracture in long term follow up. Conclusion                       The LTMC flap is ideal for mentioned defects because of its anatomical location, abundant blood flow, minor donor-site morbidity, and long pedicle. The LTMC flap, though less commonly used, is a precious option in situations where free flaps and other pedicled flaps are not feasible

Assessment of quality of life of patients 1–5 years after treatment for oral cancer

Purpose: The study aims to assess the quality of life (QOL) of oral cancer survivors, 1–5 years after the treatment. Materials and Methods: The data of fifty patients concerning their QOL were gained from the Outpatient Department of K.L.E's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Belagavi, and Karnataka Cancer Therapy and Research Institute, Navanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India. All the patients suffered from oral cancer (stage T2–T4) and underwent surgery with reconstruction followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both. The patients completed the standard European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) C-30 (version 3.0) and QLQ Head and Neck Cancer Specific (QLQ H and N-35) (version 1.0). Scoring was done according to the EORTC scoring manual. Results: The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 45.0 (±9.0). The study population had a mean global health status (GHS) for overall QOL of 55.5 ± 13.4.The mean functional scale (FS) was 87.5 (±9.6).The mean QLQ C-30 symptom scale (SS) was 16.3 (±11.9) and the mean QLQ H and N-35 SS (H and NSS) was 26.9 ± 11.5. Location, gender, age, and time after the treatment showed very less discrepancy in the group comparisons of GHS, FS, SS, and H and NSS whereas comparison based on T-stage showed significant difference in scores. Conclusion: Oral cancer has a significant impact on the QOL of the patients. Assessment of QOL should receive adequate attention in treatment planning and rehabilitation. This would definitely help in delivery of better symptom directed therapies and improve the QOL of the patients

Clinical features as predictors of bacteraemia in febrile children

Objective: To determine the prevalence, clinical features and various risk factors of bacteraemia among hospitalized febrile children aged between 3 months to 36 months, in a tertiary care center. Methods A cross-sectional, non-interventional, observational study consisting of 88 cases were included in our study and evaluated for the determination of prevalence of bacteraemia and its clinical correlates. Clinical Examination was then carried out and temperature, weight, length, clinical state, respiratory rate, heart rate was recorded. Yale score was assessed at time of admission and recorded. It is composed of 6 clinical parameters i.e. Quality of cry, Reaction to parent, State variation, Colour, Hydration & Social response. Results Among these, blood culture was positive in 24 cases, while in 64 cases blood culture showed no growth of any pathogenic organism. Staphylococcus aureus was one of the most common pathogenic organism (25%) seen among febrile children. Conclusion Empiric antibiotic therapy must include anti-Staphylococcal antibiotic in our setting in a febrile child without apparent focus of infection. Vaccination has a definite protective role and incomplete vaccination status of a child can be regarded as a strong predictor of presence of bacteraemia