Interaction entre l'aldosterone et la vasopressine sur les mouvements transmembranaires de Na"+ et de K"+ dans le muscle lisse vasculaire

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

A marketing plan on Starbucks Christmas Promotion 2012 Featured Food Items for Rustan Coffee Corporation

Christmas is the most anticipated season for all time. It has been a tradition and liking of people to give presents and eat festive meals. This is the very reason why the Christmas Promotion is the largest among all promotions executed by Starbucks. The company makes it a point to make each Christmas promotion more special and extraordinary through its beverages, food, merchandise and marketing promotions. Customers of Starbucks greatly look forward to its Christmas promotional beverages namely the Toffee Nut, Peppermint Mocha, and Cranberry White Chocolate Mocha Lattes. The group came up with unique proposed food items to complement the traditional Christmas drinks such as breakfast and mid-day pastries and desserts. In order to further emphasize and to carry out the gift of giving and bringing home of simple treats, the highlight of the Christmas 2012 promotion, Taste the Season, would be the gift boxes. Favorite Starbucks beverages are incorporated in the gift boxes through their flavors - Toffee Nut, Choco Peppermint and Green Tea Latte for the French Macarons and Caramel Macchiato, Strawberries and Cream, Java Chip for the Cake Pops. Despite the fact that Starbucks caters to a diverse target market, this promotion specifically targets office workers in Metro Manila aged 26-45 under the socio-economic class of AB and upper C who are always on-the-go and have busy work schedules. In order to attain the goal of increasing the Christmas food sales mix by 10%, proper research is essential. A complete marketing plan containing industry and brand analysis, results from primary sources (UAI Survey) to back up review of related literature, media plans that illustrates pricing, packaging, marketing and advertising strategies that will aid in increase of sales

Using stable isotope approach to quantify pond dam impacts on isotopic niches and assimilation of resources by invertebrates in temporary streams: a case study

International audienceFishponds built across streams can greatly affect their functioning, especially through loss of ecological continuity but also changes in water availability and trophic resources. Yet, their consequences on communities and stream functioning remain largely understudied. We investigated effects of fishpond dams on the trophic ecology of macroinvertebrate communities in temporary low-order streams using C and N stable isotopes. Food resources and macroinvertebrates were sampled in one upstream and one downstream site of two temporary streams, one stream without (reference stream) versus one with a fishpond (impacted stream) and used for isotopic analyses. Results suggested moderate effects of fishponds on the upstream tributaries. In contrast, at the downstream impacted site, ten times higher macroinvertebrate biomass and modifications in the trophic niches were recorded, likely due to changes in resource availability/quality and dam-related hydrology. By modifying the food sources as well as water fluxes, fishpond dams tend to alter macroinvertebrate communities but also shift the trophic dynamics downstream. This assessment stresses the need for exploring their impacts on food webs and nutrient fluxes at larger downstream distances to better understand their effects before drawing conclusions in regard to their management