Análisis del sistema de incentivos para la sustentabilidad agroambiental de los suelos agropecuarios (SIRSD-S) a través de la ecuación de pérdida de suelo (USLE).

53 p.La degradación de los suelos representa actualmente un severo problema para los suelos de aptitud silvo-agropecuarios a nivel mundial y nacional. Los niveles de degradación están explicados principalmente por la erosión, la cual afecta a un 49,1 % de los suelos de Chile. Es por ello que, con el fin de recuperar el potencial productivo de los suelos agropecuarios degradados, Chile implementó desde el año 2010 el programa que recibe el nombre de “Sistema de Incentivo para la Sustentabilidad Agroambiental de los Suelos Agropecuarios” (SIRSD-S). El propósito de este estudio fue estimar la erosión a través de la ecuación universal de perdida de suelo (USLE) que integrada a un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), permiten obtener nuevas herramientas para evaluar el impacto del programa. Para ello se evaluó con una base de datos correspondiente a 653 agricultores beneficiarios y no beneficiarios (grupo control) del programa, distribuidos desde la región del Biobío, La Araucanía y Los Lagos. La variable utilizada en el estudio fue la pérdida de suelo potencial de los suelos en ton/ha/año. Para el análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva y comparación de medias. Se determinó que la variable USLE no es significativa entre para los agricultores beneficiarios y no beneficiarios. De forma complementaria, se realizó un análisis entre agricultores usuarios de INDAP y SAG, donde si existieron diferencias significativas para agricultores de ambas instituciones. Una forma de mejorar los futuros estudios en relación a la calidad del suelo y la degradación es contar con una base de datos completa y datos actuales de cada agricultor, con ello se espera mejorar la gestión de la información y recursos, así como también mejorar la toma de decisiones por parte del ejecutivo./ ABSTRACT: The deterioration of the floor represents currently a huge problem for the floor of agricultural kind worldwide and national level. The levels of deterioration are explained principally by the erosion, which affects to 49.1% of the total soils of Chile. Is for that reason what, with the aim to recover the potential of the degraded agricultural soils, Chile has implemented since 2010 the program “Sistemas de Incentivo para la Sustentabilidad Agroambiental de los Suelos Agropecuarios” (SIRSD-S). The purpose of this study was to calculate the erosion using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) that combined Geographical Information Systems (SIG) in order to get new tools to evaluate the impact of the program. A database corresponding to 653 farmers with Beneficiaries and control group of the program was used, from Biobio region, Araucania and Los Lagos. The variable used in the study was the potential lost soil measured in ton/ha/year. It was determined that USLE variable is not significant between beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers. In a complementary way, an analysis was carried out among INDAP and SAG farmers, where there were significant differences for farmers of both institutions. One way to improve future studies in relation to soil quality and degradation is to have a complete database and current data of each farmer, in order to improve the information and resources, as well as improve the decision of the policy makers

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data