Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Imaging of Soft Tissue by Using Laue Diffraction Optical System

We performed a feasibility study of Small angle X-ray scattering imaging under the condition of X-ray bright field imaging by Laue crystal diffraction optics of X-ray dark-field imaging that works as an angular analysis. Collagen in chicken tibia containing abundant soft fibrous tissue was chosen as a specimen. In traditional Small angle X-ray scattering optical system, we can derive the structure information of sample by calculating q value which is available from a scattering pattern. Thus it is usually necessary to conduct a 2D scan in order to obtain scattering image. In this paper it is described by a method by which not only small angle X-ray scattering imaging is available directly but also bright-field imaging and dark-field imaging can be obtained at the same time. As the first step, the feasibility of the imaging method should be confirmed by taking pictures of the samples with known periodic length. The preliminary test showed that the collgan’s lattice spacing d is 65.1 nm that was also taken photos by scanning electron microscopy. By rotating Laue angular analyzer by 112 arcseconds small angle X-ray scattering image appeared in bright-field

Economic Analysis of the EU Integration in the Pharmaceutical Industry : On the Marketing Authorisation Procedure of the Pharmaceutical Products

本稿は,EUの制度的発展の経済的論理を解き明かすために,製薬産業における統合を分析した.まず,経済学文献における制度の取り扱いをサーベイしたうえで,従来の研究の特徴と限界を指摘した.それに統いて,EU製薬産業の統合経緯について,医薬品販売承認手続の統合に即しながら具体的に概観した.そこから明らかになった三つの特徴,即ち,1980年代半ば過ぎからの統合の進展,統合過程における二つの制度の並存,バイオ医薬品の中央申請方式義務付けについて,その説明を試みた.そこからは,不確実性・不完全情報,世界的競争条件,そして,産業的利害と社会的利害の補完・緊張関係が制度生成・発展に大きな影響を及ぼすことが示された.最後に,本稿の分析から得られた知見を他の統合局面,並びに,EU全体の統合分析にどの程度生かすことができるのか,ということを今後の課題として示唆したThis paper analyses the EU integration in the pharmaceutical industry, which has three features. The first is that the integration process began to develop since the mid-1980\u27s. The second is that the two systems, i.e. the ""Decentralised System"" and the ""Centralised System"", co-exist in the development process of the integration. The final one is that the bio-technology products are obliged to use only the ""Centralised System"". The integration process with these features has been influenced very much by the combination of the uncertainty and the imperfect information, the global competitive conditions, and the unique relation-ships between the industrial and social interests. This paper makes clear, to a certain extent, the appropriateness of the Comparative Institutional Analysis (CIA) to examine the institution more than the orthodox economics, but also showed the limit of the CIA to analyse the regional institution such as the European Union

Is the “Seikatsu Bamen Mensetsu” the “Life Space Interview”? –Consideration as a term–

本研究は，レドルの Life Space Interview の訳語が「生活場面面接」で妥当か検討するため，その用語（訳語）と説明から検証する研究である．1990 年代まで国内では生活場面面接に関する研究論文がない．その実態のなかで “Life Space Interview” の用語が入っている限られた国内文献を調査対象としている．その調査研究の結果，レヴィンの「場の理論」における「生活空間」との関連等から「生活空間面接」が妥当と結論づけた．また，辞典等では，その説明も十分でないことが判明した．レヴィンとの関連を明確にしたことが本研究の意義であるが，その理論的理解は今回の資料だけでは限界がある．場の理論を踏まえた生活場面面接の研究が課題である．departmental bulletin pape

6U CubeSat for Ultraviolet Time-Domain Astronomy

A wide-field ultraviolet observatory for time-domain astronomy utilizing 6U CubeSat is presented. Ultraviolet waveband is one of the unexplored fields in astronomy. Potential targets are short duration transient sources in UV-band: early-phase emission from gravitational wave sources, supernovae shock-breakouts, tidal disruption events around super massive blackholes, etc. The telescope was designed for covering the large error circle of GW detectors, FoV~100 deg2. Thanks to the high quantum efficiency of “delta-doping” detector, the detection limit achieves 20 mag (AB) for 1800 s exposure in NUV band, which is sufficient to detect UV emission from a binary neutron star merger within 200 Mpc from the earth. The satellite has a high-performance on-board computer for on-orbit analysis to detect transient sources and measure the magnitude and the accurate position of the target. The obtained information is required to be transferred to the ground within 30 min from the detection to start multi-messenger follow-up observations utilizing ground-based observatories and astronomical satellites. In this presentation we show the mission overview and conceptual design of the satellite system

Development and Initial On-orbit Performance of Multi-Functional Attitude Sensor using Image Recognition

This paper describes a multi-functional attitude sensor mounted on the “Innovative Satellite 1st” led by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency which was launched in January 2019. In order to achieve the high accuracy determination in low cost, we developed a novel attitude sensor utilizing real-time image recognition technology, named “Deep Learning Attitude Sensor (DLAS)”. DLAS has two type of attitude sensors: Star Tracker(STT) and Earth Camera (ECAM). For the low-cost development, we adopted commercial off-the-shelf cameras. DLAS uses real-time image recognition technology and a new attitude determination algorithm. In this paper, we present the missions, methods and system configuration of DLAS and initial results of on-orbit experiment that was conducted after the middle of February 2019, and it is confirmed that attitude determinations using ECAM and STT are performed correctly

Development of new ganglioside probes and unraveling of raft domain structure by single-molecule imaging

Gangliosides are involved in a variety of biological roles and are a component of lipid rafts found in cell plasma membranes (PMs). Gangliosides are especially abundant in neuronal PMs and are essential to their physiological functions. However, the dynamic behaviors of gangliosides have not been investigated in living cells due to a lack of fluorescent probes that behave like their parental molecules. We have recently developed, using an entirely chemical method, four new ganglioside probes (GM1, GM2, GM3, and GD1b) that act similarly to their parental molecules in terms of raft partitioning and binding affinity. Using single fluorescent-molecule imaging, we have found that ganglioside probes dynamically enter and leave rafts featuring CD59, a GPI-anchored protein. This occurs both before and after stimulation. The residency time of our ganglioside probes in rafts with CD59 oligomers was 48 ms, after stimulation. The residency times in CD59 homodimer and monomer rafts were 40 ms and 12 ms, respectively. In this review, we introduce an entirely chemical-based ganglioside analog synthesis method and describe its application in single-molecule imaging and for the study of the dynamic behavior of gangliosides in cell PMs. Finally, we discuss how raft domains are formed, both before and after receptor engagement. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuro-glycoscience, edited by Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi Kitagawa

The transient appearance of anti-GAD antibody in a type 2 diabetic patient with empyema

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学

Venetoclax plus low-dose cytarabine in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy: an expanded access study in Japan

Background: In a Phase 3 international clinical trial (VIALE-C), venetoclax plus low-dose cytarabine improved the response rate and overall survival versus placebo plus low-dose cytarabine in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia who were ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. After the enrollment period of VIALE-C ended, we conducted an expanded access study to provide preapproval access to venetoclax in combination with low-dose cytarabine in Japan. Methods: Previously, untreated patients with acute myeloid leukemia who were ineligible for intensive chemotherapy were enrolled according to the VIALE-C criteria. Patients received venetoclax (600 mg, Days 1–28, 4-day ramp-up in Cycle 1) in 28-day cycles and low-dose cytarabine (20 mg/m2, Days 1–10). All patients took tumor lysis syndrome prophylactic agents and hydration. Safety endpoints were assessed. Results: Fourteen patients were enrolled in this study. The median age was 77.5 years (range = 61–84), with 78.6% over 75 years old. The most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse event was neutropenia (57.1%). Febrile neutropenia was the most frequent serious adverse event (21.4%). One patient developed treatment-related acute kidney injury, leading to discontinuation of treatment. Two patients died because of cardiac failure and disease progression that were judged not related to study treatment. No patients developed tumor lysis syndrome. Conclusions: The safety outcomes were similar to those in VIALE-C without new safety signals and were well managed with standard medical care. In clinical practice, more patients with severe background disease are expected, in comparison with in VIALE-C, suggesting that it is important to carefully manage and prevent adverse events