The FLY phage mimics the VTVTNVFLYNRPLN peptide.

<p>(a) Binding of FLY phage and fd-tet to immobilized CK18 and to (b) LLC-MK₂ cells. (c) Binding of FLY phage to CK18 in the presence of increasing concentrations of VTVTNVFLYNRPLN synthetic peptide (FLY, black squares) or the alanine mutagenized version VTVTNVFAYNRPLN synthetic peptide (FAY, open triangles). Results are show as percentage of binding relative to FLY phage in the absence of peptides. Shown are standard error of the mean (SEM) of two biological replicates performed in triplicate.</p

<i>Helietta apiculata:</i> a tropical weapon against Chagas disease

<p>The present study pretends to evaluate the <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of the crude chloroform bark extract of <i>Helietta apiculata</i>, then the activity will be compared with the reference drug, benznidazole, in acute <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> infected mice when administered by oral route. The chloroformic extract of <i>Helieta apiculata</i> was administered by oral route at 5, 10 and 50 mg/kg daily for two weeks. This study has shown a moderate efficacy of the <i>H. apiculata</i> bark extract in reducing <i>T. cruzi</i> parasitaemia in 42 to 54% after a monitoring of 60 days post-infection and when compared with control groups. Concerning mice mortality, only two only two mice died, one from the control group and the other one from the group threated with 10 mg of the chlorofom extract of <i>H. apiculata</i>, suggesting the potential of <i>H. apiculta</i> extracts as a safe and inexpensive treatment of Chagas disease.</p

FLY phage binding to organ-derived endothelial cells.

<p>Binding of FLY phage to bone marrow, bladder, heart or lung-derived endothelial cells; fd-tet and FAY phage were used as control. Phage binding was normalized to endothelial cell DNA, quantified using ribosomal RNA specific probes. The error bars are standard error of the mean (SEM) of experiments performed in triplicate. Where indicated, * denotes P<0.05.</p

FLY phage interaction with intermediate filament proteins.

<p>Phage binding to immobilized cytokeratin-8 (CK8), -18 (CK18) and -20 (CK20), and to vimentin. The FAY and fd-tet phage were used as control. Shown are SEM of experiments performed in triplicate. Where indicated, * denotes P<0.05.</p

Supplementary information files for Cell culture-derived extracellular vesicles: Considerations for reporting cell culturing parameters

Supplementary files for article Cell culture-derived extracellular vesicles: Considerations for reporting cell culturing parametersCell culture‐conditioned medium (CCM) is a valuable source of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for basic scientific, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Cell culturing parameters affect the biochemical composition, release and possibly the function of CCM‐derived EVs (CCM‐EV). The CCM‐EV task force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles aims to identify relevant cell culturing parameters, describe their effects based on current knowledge, recommend reporting parameters and identify outstanding questions. While some recommendations are valid for all cell types, cell‐specific recommendations may need to be established for non‐mammalian sources, such as bacteria, yeast and plant cells. Current progress towards these goals is summarized in this perspective paper, along with a checklist to facilitate transparent reporting of cell culturing parameters to improve the reproducibility of CCM‐EV research.</p