Does Trochanteric Step Osteotomy Provide Greater Stability Than Classic Slide Osteotomy? A Preliminary Study

The use of a trochanteric slide osteotomy needs a partial weightbearing period to allow safe healing of the osteotomy. We compared the initial rigidity of fixation of the trochanteric slide osteotomy with that of a newly developed technique, the trochanteric step osteotomy. The slide and step osteotomies were tested on six bilateral pairs of cadaveric femora with cyclic shear load of constant amplitude for 100 cycles in both a superior direction to represent standing and 60° of hip flexion to represent a squat stance. Translational and rotational migration and cyclic amplitude were measured with an optoelectronic camera system. During superior loading, translational migration of the slide osteotomy was greater than for the step osteotomy (slide median, 1.7mm; step median, 0.3mm), but rotational migration was not (slide median, 1.9°; step median, 0.2°). Translational amplitude was greater for the slide osteotomy in the superior direction (median slide, 0.3mm; median step, 0.16mm), but not in rotational amplitude. Similar trends in migration and amplitude were observed for the squat loading configuration. The data suggest the trochanteric step osteotomy is a more stable construct than the commonly performed slide osteotom

Economic Policy in a More Uncertain World

The Aspen Economic Strategy Group's Annual Policy Volume Economic Policy in a More Uncertain World marks the group's 5th anniversary and is released against a backdrop historic economic and strategic uncertainty. The book's seven chapters, each written by leading experts and edited by AESG Director Melissa S. Kearney and Deputy Director Amy Ganz, provide a deep-dive on long-term economic headwinds confronting the country, including demographic changes—declining fertility and population aging—and what a smaller worker to population ratio means in terms of slower economic growth, reduced revenue, and lower productivity growth. Additional chapters on the US immigration system and US innovation policy highlight potential solutions for countering these trends.  Another chapter explores potential adverse impacts on local labor markets from the green energy transition and highlights policies to avoid repeating painful mistakes of the past, including the response to the decline of the coal industry and rise of globalization and automation. A final chapter highlights lessons learned from the unprecedented federal aid to state and local governments during the COVID-19 pandemic

Manual / Issue 1 / Hand in Hand

Manual, a journal about art and its making. Hand in Hand. The inaugural issue of The Manual, a twice-yearly publication by the RISD Museum. The theme of this first issue is “hand in hand,” a phrase first recorded in the 16th century. Its early usage described the clasping of palm to palm, but the term has since come to encompass more than this literal meaning. To be hand in hand is also to be connected, joined, concurrent, well matched. Thumb through these pages to find rigorous, imaginative musings as artists and academics make solid contact, gesture wildly, and put their fingers on the pulse of new ideas. In your grasp, an open invitation to explore objects and materials, and the meanings and makings of things. Softcover, 48 pages. Published 2013 by the RISD Museum. Proceeds from RISD Museum publications support the work of the museum. Manual 1 (Hand in Hand) contributors include Sheila Bonde, Robert Brinkerhoff, Kate Irvin, James McShane, Maureen C. O’Brien, and Elizabeth A. Williams.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/risdmuseum_journals/1000/thumbnail.jp

Manual / Issue 2 / Lorem Ipsum

Manual, a journal about art and its making. Lorem Ipsum.The second issue. In potently meaningful and deliberately meaningless ways, this issue, “Lorem ipsum,” celebrates text. The standard placeholder text used by designers and printers, lorem ipsum isn’t really Latin. Mangled over centuries of use, the passage has become meaningless and untranslatable—and yet it is highly useful in that in its incomprehensibility, it occupies space. Over the centuries and across many inventions and innovations in type and printing, lorem ipsum has acted as a space filler and form shaper in conventional printing, desktop publishing, and electronic typesetting. Join us as we read and read into calls to action, incantations, prayers, portrayals, missives, notes, proclamations, and musings. Softcover, 60 pages. Published 2014 by the RISD Museum. Manual 2 (Lorem Ipsum) contributors include James Allen, Alison W. Chang, Kenneth Goldsmith, Cyrus Highsmith, Jan Howard, Kate Irvin, Antoine Revoy, and Nancy Skolos.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/risdmuseum_journals/1001/thumbnail.jp

A meta-analysis of single case research studies on aided augmentative and alternative communication systems with individuals with autism spectrum disorders

Many individuals with autism cannot speak or cannot speak intelligibly. A variety of aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) approaches have been investigated. Most of the research on these approaches has been single-case research, with small numbers of participants. The purpose of this investigation was to meta-analyze the single case research on the use of aided AAC with individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Twenty-four single-case studies were analyzed via an effect size measure, the Improvement Rate Difference (IRD). Three research questions were investigated concerning the overall impact of AAC interventions on targeted behavioral outcomes, effects of AAC interventions on individual targeted behavioral outcomes, and effects of three types of AAC interventions. Results indicated that, overall, aided AAC interventions had large effects on targeted behavioral outcomes in individuals with ASD. AAC interventions had positive effects on all of the targeted behavioral outcome; however, effects were greater for communication skills than other categories of skills. Effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System and speech-generating devices were larger than those for other picture-based systems, though picture-based systems did have small effects

Maintaining the Strength of American Capitalism

The American economic system has always been the foundation of our national strength. But this foundation is showing cracks—from high levels of income inequality, declining economic mobility, and persistent economic insecurity among low- and middle-income Americans.Many now conclude that our economic system is broken. Recent polling data show that trust in capitalism is declining, especially among younger people. A 2018 Gallup poll found that less than half of respondents (45%) ages 18-29 held positive views of capitalism. This shift represents a 20-point decline since 2010 in the share of young adults' who held positive views of capitalism.The upshot is clear: American capitalism is in trouble. We need to strengthen our system to ensure that more people participate in our economic success. This means updating and adjusting our policies to ensure the outcomes of our market-based economy are consistent with fundamental American values of freedom, opportunity, and equality.Doing so isn't just an imperative for economic reasons. We believe that strengthening capitalism is as important for the health of the American economy as it is for the strength of our democracy. High levels of economic inequality will only contribute to increasing political dysfunction.The essays contained in this volume seek to clarify the lines of debate on some of the greatest economic policy challenges of our time and present evidence- based analysis on how to address them. It examines the hypothesis that growing market concentration is inhibiting a dynamic and competitive economy. Next, it examines the health of America's fiscal situation and what it implies about the continued strength of our market-based economy. Finally, it takes a hard look at recent policy proposals that would dramatically raise taxes on the rich and expand access to public benefit programs in response to high levels of income inequality and declining economic mobility.The perspectives presented in this volume are not intended to represent the consensus view of Aspen Economic Strategy Group members. Our goal is to equip policymakers with the best analysis available to better inform decision making and to help Americans better understand the difficult trade-offs our leaders face in making such decisions.There is no single solution to the challenges facing the American economy. The important role of evidence-based policies with bipartisan appeal, however, is difficult to overstate. This volume cannot claim to represent the end of thinking on ways to strengthen American capitalism, but we believe it provides a useful start

Interaction of Participant Characteristics and Type of AAC with Individuals with ASD: A Meta-Analysis

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and complex communication needs often rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) as a means of functional communication. This meta-analysis investigated how individual characteristics moderate effectiveness of three types of aided AAC: the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), speech-generating devices (SGDs), and other picture-based AAC. Effectiveness was measured via the Improvement Rate Difference. Results indicated that AAC has small to moderate effects on speech outcomes, SGDs appear to be most effective when considering any outcome measure with individuals with ASD without comorbid intellectual/developmental disorders (IDD). PECS appears to be most effective when considering any outcome measure with individuals with ASD and IDD. SGDs and PECS were the most effective type of AAC for preschoolers, when aggregating across outcome measures. No difference was found between systems for elementary-aged and older individuals.This research was supported by the Center on Disability and Development, a federally designated University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, at Texas A&M Universit

Manual / Issue 3 / Circus

Manual, a journal about art and its making. Circus. The third issue centers on the theme of Circus. Includes analyses of various pieces in the museum\u27s archive, a fold-out poster by Jim Drain, and a selection of artworks owned by the museum that loosely address said theme. Softcover, 62 pages. Published 2014 by the RISD Museum. Manual 3 (Circus) contributors include Gina Borromeo, Alison W. Chang, Michelle Clayton, Jim Drain, Daniel Heyman, Andrew Martinez, Ellen McBreen, Thangam Ravindranathan, Rebecca Schneider, Susan Smulyan, and Gwen Strahle.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/risdmuseum_journals/1002/thumbnail.jp

Manual / Issue 6 / Assemblage

Manual, a journal about art and its making. Assemblage. The sixth issue. An assemblage is both an act and a result-the work of gathering and conjoining as well as the state of having been gathered and conjoined. This issue of Manual pieces together works made out of practical necessity and others that marry dazzling embellishments for optimal effect, examining how history (or one version of it) was (and is) pastiched from disparate sources, how fashionable textile samples were collected, and more (always more). An assembly of assemblages, an assortment of intended and unintended interrelationships, Manual issue six is the sum of its parts and the parts themselves, a dynamic gathering of artists and authors, objects and interpretations, mash-ups and remixes, lemons and lightbulbs, vibrantly inter-animating each other. Softcover, 68 pages. Published 2016 by the RISD Museum. Manual 6 (Assemblage) contributors include Eric Anderson, Taylor Elyse Anderson, Bob Dilworth, Christina Hemauer, Roman Keller, Mariani Lefas-Tetenes, Simone Leigh, Leora Maltz-Leca, Ingrid A. Neuman, Tara Nummedal, Todd Oldham, and Britany Salsbury.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/risdmuseum_journals/1032/thumbnail.jp

Quality of Life Among Long-Term Survivors of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Follow-Up Study

Little is known about change in quality of life (QOL) among long-term cancer survivors. We examined change over time in QOL among long-term survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and identified demographic, clinical, and psychosocial risk factors for poor outcomes