Entrepreneurial intention of undergraduate students of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

Entrepreneurship can positively impact human resource market by creating employment and economic opportunity, something that is of urgent need. Agriculture sector has immense untapped potential and huge busi-ness prospects for young entrepreneurs. Thus, to have an insight into these issues present study was undertaken to find out the socioeconomic, personal and psychological characteristics of undergraduate students along with their entrepreneurial intention. The study was conducted at College of Agriculture, G.B.P.U.A. and T. Pantnagar. Fifty five students from each, third year and final year of B.Sc. Agriculture were selected as respondents through simple random sampling technique using chit method. Analytical research design was used for the present study. Detailed pre-tested questionnaire was administered to 110 respondents for collection of data. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents (60.91 %) belonged to middle age group and were female (55.55 %), belonged to general caste (60.91 %) and had received their basic education in English (72.73 %). Regarding the entrepreneurial intention of undergraduate students of agriculture, it was found that majority of the respondents (59.09 %) had mod-erate level of entrepreneurial intention, while 23.64 % of the respondents had low entrepreneurial intention and only 17.27 % students had high entrepreneurial intention. The findings of this study may help all stakeholders (policy makers, researchers, private institutions, entrepreneurship educators and youth development practitioners) who are concerned with developing youth entrepreneurship in the country

A rare case of spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy presented as ruptured ectopic pregnancy

Heterotopic gestation, although common with assisted reproductive techniques, is very rare in natural conception. A high index of suspicion can help in timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention. We report a case of 30 year old patient who was treated for a heterotopic pregnancy. She had taken treatment for genital tuberculosis in the past. The patient presented acutely with a ruptured tubal pregnancy in shock and this was managed by emergency laparotomy. A high index of suspicion is needed in women with risk factors for an ectopic pregnancy and in low risk women who have free fluid with or without an adnexal mass with an intrauterine gestation

Prevention of adhesion in laparoscopic gynaecological surgery

Adhesions have important consequences for patients, surgeons, and health services. Peritoneal tissue injury can be prevented by using careful surgical techniques. A large number of anti-adhesion products have been used experimentally and clinically to prevent postoperative adhesions. The current author reviewed the surgical literature published about epidemiology, pathogenesis, and various prevention strategies of adhesion formation. Several preventive agents against postoperative peritoneal adhesions have been investigated. Bioresorbable membranes are site-specific anti adhesion products but may be more difficult to use laparoscopically. Liquids and gels have the advantage of more-widespread areas of action and increased ease of use, particularly during laparoscopic operations. Effective pharmacologic agents that can reduce release of pro-inflammatory cytokines or activate peritoneal fibrinolysis are under development. Their results are encouraging but most of them are contradictory. Many modalities are being studied to reduce this risk; despite initial promising results of different measures in postoperative adhesion prevention, none of them have become standard applications. With the current state of knowledge, preclinical or clinical studies are still necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the several proposed prevention strategies for avoiding postoperative peritoneal adhesions

MOLECULAR ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN INDIAN ACCESSIONS OF ALOE VERA USING SSR MARKER

Objective: In this study Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. collected from 12 states covering all the different agro-climatic zones of India were investigated for its genetic diversity analysis by using SSR marker assay.Methods: Total genomic DNA was isolated from young leaf samples using CTAB method. Twenty primers were selected which were used for Asparagus officinalis L a related species of A. vera and others were developed from available Aloe vera plant sequences with the help of primer 3 software. Similarity matrices and dendrogram were constructed by using NTSys software to show a phenetic representation of the genetic relationship. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), the effective multiplex ratio (EMR) and Marker Index (MI) were calculated for the assessment of genetic diversity.Results: The neighbor-joining tree based on all SSR fragments of twelve Aloe vera germplasm accessions grouped into three major clusters. The similarity value ranged from 46 % to 100 %. The highest 100 % similarity was noted between Haryana and Uttar Pradesh accessions followed by 93% similarity between Haryana and Punjab accessions with Rajasthan. Minimum similarity was noted between Gujarat and Kerala accessions.Conclusion: This study revealed the rich genetic diversity among Aloe vera accessions from different agro-climatic zones of India. It is also concluded that SSR marker analysis can be a useful tool for the assessment of genetic diversity of the medicinal plants.Â

A review article on ovarian cystectomy in endometriomas by laparoscopy

Endometrioma is one of the most frequent adnexal masses in the reproductive population. Medical therapy is inefficient and cannot be recommended in the management of ovarian endometriomas. The general consensus is that ovarian endometriomas larger than 4 cm should be removed, both to reduce pain and to improve spontaneous conception rates. The removal of ovarian endometriomas can be difficult, as the capsule is often densely adherent. While the surgical treatment of choice is surgical laparoscopy, for conservative treatment, the preferred method is modified combined cystectomy. Cystectomy can be destructive for the ovary, whereas ablation may be incomplete, with a greater risk of recurrence

Recurrent ectopic pregnancy after ipsilateral salpingectomy: a rare case report

Ectopic pregnancy occurs in 1.3% to 2% of all pregnancies, and there is a potential threat for maternal morbidity and mortality. Ipsilateral ectopic pregnancy after partial or total salpingectomy is a rare occurrence. Current surgical management of tubal pregnancy includes conservative (usually salpingostomy) and radical (total or partial salpingectomy) methods. However, in some cases, these methods may not solve the problem. We are presenting the case of a 26 year old female G3P1+1 who presented with bleeding per vaginum, pain in abdomen, severe pallor, hypotension, and tachycardia following 3 months amenorrhoea. She had a previous right sided ruptured ectopic pregnancy and right salpingectomy done 5 years back. On laparotomy, there was right adnexal mass of 5x7 cm size. Given the possibility of transperitonal migration of human embryos and sperm, which has a greatly increased risk associated with previous ectopic pregnancies, total salpingectomy should be the treatment of choice if conservative methods of treatment are not suitable. This case emphasizes that salpingectomy does not exclude ectopic pregnancy on the ipsilateral side. Total salpingectomy too carries the potential for the recurrence of ectopic pregnancy on the same side hence the need for clinician awareness and vigilance

A comparison of buccal versus vaginal misoprostol administration for induction of first and second trimester abortion

Background: Aim of study was to compare effectiveness, adverse effects and patient’s acceptability of buccal and vaginal routes of administration of misoprostol in 1st and 2nd trimester abortion, type of study-randomized control trial Methods: A total of 200 women with indications for abortion up to 20 weeks of pregnancy were enrolled over a period of 1 year and received misoprostol either through buccal (Group A) or vaginal (Group B) route. Each group containing 50 patients of first trimester and second trimester. Results: Incomplete abortion rate (25%) was significantly higher in vaginal group while drug related side-effects (47%), patients’ satisfaction and acceptability (82%) was higher in buccal group respectively. Conclusions: Buccal route may be preferred owing to a better complete abortion rate, better patient satisfaction and acceptability as compared to vaginal route

Mullerian and gonadal dysgenesis: an unusual presentation

The estimated prevalence of a unicornuate uterus is rather low, approximately 0.3% of the whole population, 0.6% of the infertile population, and 0.2% of the fertile population. Of the mullerian defects, however, unicornuate uterus is found in 3 to 13% of women. Ovarian maldescent occasionally occurs in patients with a normal uterus, the incidence is reported to be 20% when the uterus is absent (Rokitansky-Kustner - Hauser syndrome) and as high as 42% in cases of unicornuate uterus. The occurrence of Mullerian anomalieswith concomitant gonadal developmental abnormalities isvery rare. Case reports about the unicornuate uterus withovarian abnormalities are very limited in the literature. We present a case of 17 year old girl with primary amenorrhoea and hematometra, for which she was operated and later on she was diagnosed as a case of vaginal and cervical atresia with unicornuate uterus together withipsilateral ovarian agenesis and contralateral ectopic ovary