4 research outputs found
Combination of anthocyanin ternatin and hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate coralline as a socket preservation biomaterial in dental implant: A narrative review
Background: Tooth extraction is surgical treatment with clinical manifestation is alveolar bone resorption of 11-63%
which potentially fails dental implant treatment. Socket preservation is bone regeneration treatment to minimize bone
morphological changes in post-extraction using bone graft. Anti-inflammatory biomaterial is needed to modulate
inflammatory cascade in the lesion. Anthocyanin ternatin is a flavonoid derived from butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) as
an anti-inflammatory and antioxidants agent. Hydroxyapatite/β-Tricalcium Phosphate coralline (HA/β-TCP coralline)
is a combination of bioceramic material from calcium carbonate heating of Porites spp. coral which has potential to
induce osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction. Combination of Anthocyanin ternatin and HA/β-TCP
coralline applied to the defect area in dried powder form to induce hard tissue regeneration.
Purpose: To describe the potential of combination of Anthocyanin ternatin and HA/β-TCP coralline as a socket
preservation biomaterial in dental implant.
Review: Combination of Anthocyanin ternatin and dried powder HA/β-TCP coraline is applied in dental socket.
Anthocyanin ternatin suppresses ROS and iNOS then inhibit NF-kB signaling pathway. Downregulation of the pathway
decreases TNF-α and IL-1β/6 expression so the expression of RANKL is inhibited. Lowering of ROS followed by
upregulated Ca2+ level from HA/β-TCP coralline causes the increase in DKK1 and PTEN expression so Akt and Wnt
expression is induced. Upregulation of the proteins induces the BMP2/TGF-β/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway
activation manifest in the increase of Runx2, OCN, and Osx then the preosteoblast differentiation to osteoblast is
increased.
Conclusion: Combination of Anthocyanin ternatin and HA/β-TCP coralline is potential as socket preservation
biomaterial in dental implant
Utilization of artificial intelligence-assisted histopathological detection in surveillance of oral squamous cell carcinoma staging: A narrative review
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is defined as an oral malignancy with worldwide prevalence of
90%. In 2018, the number of cases observed is 354.864 with 177.384 deaths globally. Early diagnosis for determining
OSCC stage due to histopathological examination is required to sustain prognosis and minimize mortality. Determining
the stage is mostly done manually and highly dependent on skill and experiences of the pathologist thus having a high
tendency of misdiagnosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology that modifies machines with human-like intelligence
thus making them able to solve the tasks. Utilization of AI in analyzing histopathological samples is known to give such
a precision analysis then diagnosing the OSCC stage accurately
Purpose: This study describes utilization of AI-assisted histopathological detection in determining OSCC staging.
Review: Developmental process of OSCC begins with gene damage causing disruption of cell regulation, manifesting in
impaired differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes in the epithelium which is characterized by keratin pearl
formation. AI-assisted histopathological detection is able to identify the percentage of keratinization and keratin pearls
in histopathological images by convolutional neural network (CNN). CNN is a deep learning architecture specifically
designed to recognize two-dimensional visual patterns with minimal preprocessing. CNN works by analyzing input in
the form of visual images from histopathological images and producing output as keratinization percentage in related
samples then being used to determine the staging of OSCC.
Conclusion: AI-assisted histopathological detection may potential to be used in determining OSCC staging
Potential of Moringa oleifera extract-incorporated with folic acid-conjugated gold nanoparticles as an oral squamous cell carcinoma therapy by modulating intrinsic apoptotic pathway: A narrative review
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer worldwide. Surgery, radiotherapy
and chemotherapy are the most common treatments, despite their side effects including toxicity, metastasis and
multidrug resistance, thus evoking the need to develop safer treatment. Moringa oleifera (Mo) acts as anticancer agent
but has poor bioavailability then incorporated with folic acid-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as drug carriers
may enhance the action of Mo in OSCC treatment.
Purpose: To describe the potential of Mo extract incorporated with folic acid-conjugated AuNPs as an OSCC therapy by
modulating intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
Review: Mo-AuNPs was injected to the body and reached the target cell. Folic acid in AuNPs bound to folic acid receptors
in the cell membrane thus promoting endocytosis and encapsulation of Mo. AuNPs along with irradiation using near
infrared light converted light into heat thus promoting pro-apoptotic protein release. This condition was also supported
by Mo's ability to downregulate Akt thus upregulating Bad. Bad induces translocation of Bax into the outer
mitochondrial membrane then induces the opening of mitochondrial pores. This condition manifests in formation of
apoptosomes thus activating caspase-3 and inducing formation of apoptotic bodies.
Conclusion: Mo extract-incorporated with folic acid-conjugated AuNPs may potential as an OSCC therapy by
modulating intrinsic apoptosis pathwa
An Insight of Proanthocyanidin and Polyamidoamine-Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles as Biomaterial Candidate for Dentin regeneration in Dental Pulp Capping: A Narrative Review
Dental caries is the world's biggest dental problem with an incidence of 95%, causing tooth demineralization and
complications including pulp perforation and premature tooth loss. A non-toxic biomaterial is required for
increasing dentine regeneration in reversible dental caries. Proanthocyanidin (PA) is grape seed-derived
flavonoid as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. However, PA provides low bioavailability so that
it can be combined with polyamidoamine-calcium phosphate (PAMAM-CP) nanoparticles as drug delivery
system. The investigation of PA and PAMAM-CP nanoparticles paste-based as innovation biomaterial for dental
pulp capping may potential to induce dentine regeneration. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the
combination of PA and PAMAM-CP nanoparticles as dental pulp capping biomaterial for dentin regeneration in
dental caries. PA is able to express runt related transcription factor (Runx2), bone morphogenic protein-2
(BMP2), osteocalcin (OCN), and dentine sialophospoprotein (DSPP) which increase biomineralization and
odontogenic differentiation. PAMAM is a macromolecule that provides attachment to dentine and induces
remineralization. CP nanoparticles are calcium phosphate-based drug carriers that facilitate dentinal tubules
penetration. PA loaded PAMAM-CP nanoparticles would be encapsulated releasing PA. PA suppresses Nuclear
Factor-kB signaling pathway activation and decrease tumor necrosis factor-α so that inhibit dentinal matrix
degradation. PA increases Runx2 and DSPP expression that manifest in dental pulp stem cells differentiation
into odontoblasts. Combination of PA and PAMAM-CP nanoparticles may potential and beneficial as pulp
capping biomaterial for dentin regeneration in dental caries