Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (Dbd) Berdasarkan Faktor Iklim di Kota Ternate

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di Di Kota Ternate. Data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ternate menjelaskan bahwa penyebaran DBD di Kota Ternate dikategorikan dalam 4 kelurahan endemis, 16 kelurahan sporadic dan 43 kelurahan potensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara faktor iklim dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Ternate. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 3 persamaan dengan kombinasi faktor iklim yang berbeda, yaitu curah hujan, suhu dan kelembaban. Setiap persamaan mempertimbangkan lagtime 1 dan 2, analisis menggunakan program minitab statistical software 16.0 dan SPPS 17. Rata-rata kejadian DBD selama 8 tahun adalah 109 kasus dengan kejadian terendah 32 kasus pada tahun 2012 dan tertinggi 216 pada tahuan 2010. Hasil analisis statistik diketahui bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara kejadian DBD dengan curah hujan dengan nilai r=0,0009;p=0,993˃p0,05 serta kelembaban dengan nilai r=0,064;p=0,543˃p0,05, tetapi terdapat hubungan antara suhu dan kejadian DBD dengan nilai r=0,267;p=0,008˂p0,05 selama periode tahun2007-2014. Hasil analisis prediksi kejadian DBD di Kota Ternate pada bulan Juli yang dipengaruhi oleh suhu dengan nilai r=0,92;p=0,001˂p0,05 dan kelembaban dengan nilai r=0,97;p=0,001˂p0,05 satu bulan sebelumnya, sedangkan curah hujan sebelumnya tidak memberikan hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian DBD. Kejadian DBD bulan Februari, Maret, April, Mei, Juni, Oktober dan November dipengaruhi oleh satu bulan sebelumnya dengan kisaran nilai r=0,55 - 0,95

A strategy to determine off-axis dosimetric leaf gap using OSLD and EPID

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the dosimetric feasibility of using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLD) and an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) for central axis (CAX) and off-axis (OAX) dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) measurement. Materials and methods: The Clinac 2100C/D linear accelerator equipped with Millennium-120 multileaf collimator (MLC) and EPID was utilized for this study. The DLG values at CAX and ± 1 cm OAX (1 cm superior and inferior to the CAX position, respectively along the plane perpendicular to MLC motion) were measured using OSLD (DLGOSLD) and validated using ionization chamber dosimetry (DLGICD). The two-dimensional DLG map (2D DLGEPID) was derived from the portal images of the DLG plan using a custom-developed software application that incorporated sliding aperture-specific correction factors. Results: DLGOSLD and DLGICD, though measured with diverse setup in different media, showed similar variation both at CAX and ± 1 cm OAX positions. The corresponding DLGEPID values derived using aperture specific corrections were found to be in agreement with DLGOSLD and DLGICD. The 2D DLGEPID map provides insight into the varying patterns of the DLG with respect to each leaf pair at any position across the exposed field. Conclusions: Commensurate results of DLGOSLD with DLGICD values have proven the efficacy of OSLD as an appropriate dosimeter for DLG measurement. The 2D DLGEPID map opens a potential pathway to accurately model the rounded-leaf end transmission with discrete leaf-specific DLG values for commissioning of a modern treatment planning system

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Interference of natural coastal sediment dynamics due to the Colombo harbour expansion project

Man-made coastal structures directly affect sediment balance in the surrounding beaches. Ongoing South Colombo harbour expansion project has created 5 km long breakwater affecting the sediment dynamics of the Colombo beaches. Present study is focussed on quantitatively and qualitatively analyse the effect of Colombo harbour expansion project on economically important beaches in an around Colombo city area and to forecast possible consequences to the Colombo harbour itself. We have taken monthly variations of beach width, beach profile and the mean grain size of the sediments at mean sea level from selected 8 beaches. Data was processed and analysed to establish sitespecific erosion vulnerability. Results shows cumulative beach erosion has high affinity to erosion causing drastic reduction of beach width after the construction of the breakwater. This study highlights necessity of proper mitigation plan to protect the beaches affected by the construction of southern Colombo harbour expansion project

Fluctuations in groundwater level and corresponding earth resistivity changes

The earth resistivity at a known location was frequently measured, through resistivity sounding. Resistivity of subsurface layers could be influenced by the permeability, porosity, transmissivity, composition etc., where moisture content was the concern of this study. ABEM-Terrameter SAS 1000 instrument was used for surveying and data were interpreted using “IPI2-win” software. A borehole was established to reveal accurate subsurface stratification information and monitor the groundwater level, at the surveying location. Groundwater level was recorded through a datalogger in the borehole, at each 12 hour interval. The precipitation data of the area were obtained from the meteorological department to understand the wet & dry seasonal characteristics. Attempts were made to identify the changes in apperant resistivity data in response to the changing groundwater levels/moisture content and the accuracy of corresponding layer thicknesses, computed through resistivity data

ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PRUNETIN IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC NEPHROTOXIC RATS

In the present study, we evaluated the protective impacts of Prunetin (PRU; 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one / 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone) altering plasma lipid peroxides and antioxidant in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephrotoxic (DN) rats. Wistar albino rats were given a single intraperitoneal (i.p) dosage of 45 mg/kg of STZ to cause diabetic nephropathy, which was then treated with Group-III, an effective dose of prunetin of 80 mg/kg. We examined the levels of body weight, blood glucose, insulin, lipid peroxidation products, and antioxidants in experimental rats. In STZ -induced diabetic rats, we observed an increased blood glucose level and reduced levels of insulin as compared to control rats. Whereas prunetin administration to diabetic nephrotoxic-induced rats resulted in significantly lower blood glucose level and increased the insulin levels as compared to DN rats. In diabetic nephrotoxic rats, prunetin treatment enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activity in the liver and renal tissues. Overall, the finding suggests that prunetin have significant an antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity in STZ-induced Wistar rats by scavenging free radicals thereby reducing the risk of diabetic complecations

Extended localization and adaptive dose calculation using HU corrected cone beam CT: Phantom study

Background and aimThe practicability of computing dose calculation on cone beam CT (CBCT) has been widely investigated. In most clinical scenarios, the craniocaudal scanning length of CBCT is found to be inadequate for localization. This study aims to explore extended tomographic localization and adaptive dose calculation strategies using Hounsfield unit (HU) corrected CBCT image sets.Materials and methodsPlanning CT (pCT) images of the Rando phantom (T12-to-midthigh) were acquired with pelvic-protocol using Biograph CT-scanner. Similarly, half-fan CBCT were acquired with fixed parameters using Clinac2100C/D linear accelerator integrated with an on-board imager with 2-longitudinal positions of the table. For extended localization and dose calculation, two stitching strategies viz., one with “penumbral-overlap” (S1) and the other with “no-overlap” (S2) and a local HU-correction technique were performed using custom-developed MATLAB scripts. Fluence modulated treatment plans computed on pCT were mapped with stitched CBCT and the dosimetric analyses such as dose-profile comparison, 3D-gamma (γ) evaluation and dose-volume histogram (DVH) comparison were performed.ResultsLocalizing scanning length of CBCT was extended by up to 15[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]cm and 16[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]cm in S1 and S2 strategies, respectively. Treatment plan mapping resulted in minor variations in the volumes of delineated structures and the beam centre co-ordinates. While the former showed maximum variations of −1.4% and −1.6%, the latter showed maximum of 1.4[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]mm and 2.7[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]mm differences in anteroposterior direction in S1 and S2 protocols, respectively. Dosimetric evaluations viz., dose profile and DVH comparisons were found to be in agreement with one another. In addition, γ-evaluation results showed superior pass-rates (≥98.5%) for both 3%/3[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]mm dose-difference (DD) and distance-to-agreement (DTA) and 2%/2[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]mm DD/DTA criteria with desirable dosimetric accuracy.ConclusionCone beam tomographic stitching and local HU-correction strategies developed to facilitate extended localization and dose calculation enables routine adaptive re-planning while circumventing the need for repeated pCT

Replenishment Mechanism atVerugal Beach Heavy Mineral Deposit

Eastern coast of Sri Lanka is abundant with heavy minerals, particularly at Pullmuddai where Sri Lanka’s only heavy mineral processing plant is situated. Verugal is one other areas where there is a rich, heavy mineral deposit that has the potential to be exploited.Heavy mineral beach sand deposits are dynamic in which the composition and the amount of reserves vary with time due to changes in coastal waves and currents. Therefore, a proper understanding of the replenishment dynamics is required to develop a comprehensive mine plan for the extraction of heavy mineral sand. This study focuses on the understanding replenishment mechanism at Verugal Beach Heavy Mineral Deposit. Samples from test pits were collected along the transect perpendicular to the beach at approximately 500 m interval from visible deposit at Verugal area representing bothsouthwestern monsoon and northwestern monsoon. Collected samples were subjected to sieve analysis to understand the grain size distribution and grain counting through reflected microscope to understand the heavy mineral concentration. Variations in deposit dimensions with seasonal weather changes along withspecific heavy mineral concentrations andreplenishment rates can be used to develop a proper mining plan to commence sustainable extraction