Technologies of distant education at the chemistry department of Moscow State University by M. V. Lomonosov. Development dynamics

В работе представлены результаты и опыт внедрения дистанционных образовательных технологий в учебный процесс на химическом факультете МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова.This work presents the results and experience of introduction of distant education technologies at the Chemistry Department of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University

СRANIAL AND INTRACRANIAL METASTASES OF THYROID CANCER

Thyroid cancer metastasis to the brain is rare and little-studied pathology. Problems of their diagnosis and treatment remain to be solved. Features of this group is a metastatic lesion of the brain and bones of the cranial vault with extra- and intracranial growth. The paper details the clinical picture, X-ray, morphological diagnosis and treatment of patients with intracranial metastases thyroid cancer

Explosive device of conduit using Ti Ni alloy

Presently, materials have been developed which are capable at changing temperate to return significant inelastic deformations, exhibit rubber-like elasticity, convert heat into mechanical work, etc. The aggregate of these effects is usually called the shape memory effect.At present a great number of compounds and alloys with a shape memory effect has been known.These are alloys based on titanium nickelide (TiNi), copper-based alloys (Cu-Al, Cu-Sn, Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Zn-Si, etc.), gold and silver (Ag-Cd, Au-Ag-Cd, Au-Cd-Cu, Au-Zn-Cu, etc.), manganese (Mn-Cr, Fe-Cu, Mn-Cu-Ni, Mn-Cu-Zr, Mn-Ni, etc.), iron (Fe-Mn, Fe-Ni, Fe-Al, etc.), and other compounds.The alloys based on titanium nickelide (nitinol) are the most widely used.Alloys with shape memory effect find various applications in engineering and medicine, namely connecting devices, actuators, transformable design, multipurpose medical implants, etc.There is a task of breaking fuel conduit during separating the spacecraft from the rocket in space technology.The paper examines the procedure for design calculation of the separating device of conduit with the use of Ti-Ni alloy. This device can be used instead of the pyro-knives.The device contains two semi-rings from Ti-Ni alloy. In the place of break on the conduit an annular radius groove is made.At a temperature of martensite passage the semi-rings undergo deformation and in the strained state are set in the device. With heating to the temperature of the austenitic passage of bushing macro-deformation the energy stored by the nitinol bushing is great enough to break the conduit on the neck.The procedures of design calculation and response time of device are given.</p

Challenging Issues for Predicting and Validating Reliability of Sustained Spacecraft Operation

Modern science and technology development has allowed creation of space technology with long (10 - 15 years) Lifetime, which resulted in increasing demand for its reliability.Spacecraft reliability primarily depends on the reliability of electronic equipment, which is ensured by the choice of electronic components and redundant components.A safety margin of construction taken into consideration at the designing stage ensures reliability of structural components. To evaluate design reliability a formula is proposed which is based on the safety factors and variation coefficients of mechanical characteristics of the material and load.A technique of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Lavochkin Association" to ensure reliability is presented.The paper considers the problems arising in predicting and validating reliability at the stage of creating a spacecraft of sustained operation. Thus the main problems are as follows: an error when using the exponential law of probability distribution for the highly complicated sustained operation systems, a lack of records of degradation processes in existing techniques for reliability evaluation of radio-electronic airborne equipment, a probability estimate of radioelectronic equipment hardness beyond the calculating reliability, non-well adequate and, for some positions, aged data on the failure rate of electronic components, listed in Directory 2006, and some insufficiently justified coefficients of Directory models.The paper offers measures to solve abovementioned problems.</p

Comparative evaluation of the effect of “Vitaplan” and “Phytosporin M” biopreparations on change of microbial content of apples in during storage

The article presents the results of studying the effect of preliminary processing of apples with Vitaplan and Phytosporin M bio preparations with different bioagent concentration on microbial contamination of their surface during storage. The number of microorganisms on the surface of apples has been determined before and after storage. The optimal concentration of bioagent has been established, which ensures the maximum decrease of microbial contamination of the surface of apples

Features of the Transportation Capsules with the Ground by Means of the Inflatable Shell in the Suction Head of the SPACECRAFT "PhobosGrunt"

One of the most interesting trends of space research is a delivery of the soil samples of the investigated object to the Earth. In delivering the soil samples the most important stage is a stage to pick-and-place it in the transportation (returned) capsule.The aim of this work is to develop a reloading device of the suction head to provide picking up the soil of Mars’ satellite “Phobos”. This device is designed for use as a part of the spacecraft "Phobos-Grunt".The presented device belongs to a manipulating type of devices and consists of a manipulator and a handling device. The manipulator provides picking up the Phobos surface soil samples and their placing into a capsule, which is in the block of the handling device. Upon the capsule has been filled it is reloaded from the soil intake area to the area of capsule transfer, which is provided by means of a compactly piled gas-filled shell.In operation there is a number of restrictions. The tolerable capsule opening size to take-in the soil samples can be up to 10 mm with 1003 cm free soil capsule volume. When picking up the soil the magnitude of the axial force of the manipulator is restricted.The paper considers the operating principle of the reloading device and describes the handling device design and method to calculate its characteristics. It also presents the designing results of the handling device and its basic characteristics. The issues of the suction head reliability are also discussed.There is the Russian Federation patent for the invention №2413660 of the developed device.</p