Décomposition des tourteaux de coprah et de palmiste et effets sur la croissance des cocotiers (Cocos nucifera L.) en pépinière et la nutrition minérale des cocotiers adultes en Côte-d\'Ivoire

L\'objectif de cette étude est d\'évaluer le potentiel fertilisant des tourteaux de coprah et de palmiste. Ainsi, les tourteaux ont été mis en décomposition pendant une période de 12 mois. Leurs effets sur la croissance des jeunes cocotiers ont été étudiés pendant 9 mois en comparaison à ceux de l\'engrais chimique. Une analyse foliaire a été réalisée afin d\'évaluer les effets des tourteaux sur la nutrition minérale des cocotiers adultes, 7 et 21 mois après leur épandage. Après 12 mois, les tourteaux ont libéré la totalité du potassium et plus de la moitié de l\'azote et du phosphore. Ils ont eu un effet positif sur la croissance des cocotiers en pépinière semblable à celui de la fumure chimique composée d\'urée à 46 % de N, super phosphate simple à 18 % de P2O5, chlorure de potassium à 60 % de K2O et de kiesérite à 28 % de MgO. Sept mois après l\'épandage, ils ont amélioré les teneurs foliaires en azote, en phosphore et en potassium des cocotiers adultes, mais ces teneurs ont chuté 21 mois après. Ces résultats montrent que les tourteaux sont des engrais organiques qui pourraient remplacer la fumure chimique.The objective of this study is to assess the fertilizing potential of the oil-cakes of copra and palm tree. Thus, the oilcakes were allowed to decompose for 12 months period. Their effects on the growth of young coconuts were studied for 9 months in comparison with those of chemical fertilisers. A foliar analysis was carried out in order to assess the effects of the oil-cakes on the mineral nutrition of adult coconuts 7 and 21 month after application. After 12 months, the oil-cakes released the totality of the potassium and more than half of nitrogen and phosphorus. Application of oil-cakes had a positive effect on the growth of coconuts in nursery similar to the one of the chemical fertilizer, consisted of urea (46 % of N), super simple phosphorus (18 % of P2O5), potassium chloride (60 % of K2O) and kieserite (28 % of MgO). Seven months after application, they improved the foliar contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of adult coconuts, but these contents fell 21 month later. These results show that the oil-cakes may be used as organic fertilizers that could replace the chemical fertilizers. Keywords: Coconut, nitrogen, potassium, mineral nutrition, phosphorus, oil-cakes.Sciences & Nature Vol. 5 (2) 2008: pp. 155-16

Effet de la densite sur les parametres dendrometriques D'Acacia auriculaeformis en association avec le cocotier (Cocos nucifera L.) sur sables quaternaires en C&#244te d'Ivoire

No Abstract

Essai de lutte contre oryctes monoceros olivier (coleoptera : dynastidae) par l’utilisation de l’acide 4-méthyloctanoïque en côte -d’ivoire

(Arecaceae), en Côte d’Ivoire. Pour lutter contre ce ravageur, l’acide 4-methyloctanoïque a été initié. Au cours de ces travaux, 3 types de diffuseurs (Da, Db, Dc) contenant les différentes doses ont été expérimentés. L’étude a été menée sur 9 mois repartie sur 4 phases dont 1 mois sans diffuseurs, 4 mois avec diffuseurs, 2 mois retrait desdiffuseurs et 2 mois post diffuseurs. Les visites des cocotiers ont été effectuées 3 fois par semaine avec extraction des insectes des galeries en notant les caractéristiques climatiques et le sexe des insectes. Les diffuseurs ont été pesés au début et chaque mois pendant la phase avec diffuseurs. On note que les trois types de diffuseurs ont la même efficacité contre les attaques de O. monoceros mais le diffuseur Dc, caractérisé par la dose faible, est économiquement plus avantageux et pourrait être vulgarisé auprès des paysans, pour la protection de leurs plantations.Mots clés : Cocos nucifera, Oryctes monoceros, Diffuseurs, Acide 4-méthyloctanoïqueOryctes monoceros Olivier is one of the most dangerous pests of young coconuts Cocos nucifera Linne (Arecaceae) in Côte-d’Ivoire. In order to reduce their populations, 4-methyloctanoïc acid was initiated. In this work, 3 different types of diffusers (Da, Db, Dc) was tested. The study over nine months covered four phases with one month (without diffusers), four month (with diffusers), two month (diffuser withdrawal) and two month (post diffuser). Coconuts were visited 3 twice in a week by collecting insects of galleries and wrote down climatic characteristics, sex of insects. Diffusers were weighted at the beginning and every month during phase with diffusers. We notice that three types of diffusers have the same effectiveness against O. monoceros attacks, diffuser Dc, characterized by a low concentration, is economically more reasonable and could be recommended to the farmer for the protection of their plantations

Facteurs affectant la reprise au sevrage des vitroplants enracinés de palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) régénérés par embryogènese somatique

L’élevage des vitroplants de palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pour les amener au stade de plants plantables comprend une phase  préliminaire délicate. Il s’agit du sevrage, qui a pour but de les acclimateraux conditions naturelles. Cette étape n’excède pas trois à quatre  semaines. Malgré la mise au point de nouvelles conditions de sevrage plus adaptées, l’on enregistre des pertes résiduelles augmentant ainsi le coût de production de vitroplants. Pour y remédier, les facteurs qui influencent une bonne reprise en acclimatation ont été recherchés à partir de 70 000 plants sortis des tubes d’enracinement. A la fin de 3 semaines de sevrage, les plants vivants ont été comptés, puis les pourcentages de reprise pour chacune des 81 combinaisons constituées de plants ont été calculés. Le pourcentage moyen global de reprise a été d’environ 90 % pour  l’ensemble des combinaisons. Néanmoins, les résultats sur plusieurs  sorties ont mis en évidence une influence significative de la qualité  morphologique des plants enracinés. La reprise dépend fortement du  développement foliaire, notamment la taille des plants racinés. La bonne qualité des racines produites in vitro concourt aussi au succès de la reprise en l’acclimatation, mais ce facteur n’est pas déterminant. Le nombre de racines est sans effet notable, mais interagit avec les deux autres  variables. Les plantules ayant enregistré un bon développement foliaire et racinaire (Groupe A), celles moyennement bien développées (Groupe B) ainsi que celles faiblement développées ont exprimé respectivement 97 %,91 % et 77 % de taux de reprise. Le taux de reprise global des plants transférés en sol était de 92 %, grâce à une méthode de sevrage simple qui assure, pendant 3 à 4 semaines, une adaptation progressive desplants aux conditions naturelles et qui regroupe les plants en classes de racines.Mots clés : Culture in vitro, palmier à huile, enracinement, sevrage, taux de reprise. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RECOVERY DURING THE WEANING STAGE OF THE OIL PALM RAMETS REGENERATED VIA SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESISRaising in vitro plantlets of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)  regenerated via somatic embryogenesis to the stage where they are ready to be planted includes preliminary delicate phase - weaning - which is intended acclimatize them to natural conditions. This stage doesn’t exceed 3 to 4 weeks. In spite of the development of new conditions of weaning more adapted, we note residual losses increasing the production costs of to ramets. To remedy there, the factors influencing a good recovery in acclimatization of oil palm vitroplants regenerated by somatic  embryogenesis were investigated using 70,000 plantlets taken out fromrooting tubes. Three weeks after the weaning, the alive plantlets were scored, and then the percentages of recovery for each of the 81 plants  combinations were calculated. The total average percentage of recovery  was approximately 90 %. Nonetheless, the results observed on several  outlets showed a significant influence of the morphological quality of rooted plantlets. The recovery strongly depends on the leaf growth, in particular the height of rooted plantlets. The good quality of roots produced with in vitro culture alsocontributes to the success of acclimatization, but this factor is not determining. In contrast, the roots number does not influence  acclimatization, but is correlated with two other variables. Plantlets with good leaf and root growth (Group A), those fairly grown (Group B), as well as those weakly grown (Group C) expressed a success rate of 97 %, 91 % and 77 %, respectively. The overall rate of recovery of plantlets transferred in ground was 92 %, thanks to a simple method of weaning which provides for 3 to 4 weeks, a gradual adaptation of plantlets to natural conditions and which clusters the plantlets in root clusters.Keywords : In vitro culture, recovery rate, somatic embryo-derived  plantlets, rooting, recovery percentage, weaning

The Impact of Free Health Screenings at Community Pharmacies on Diabetes

Diabetes is a prevalent issue in the United States, with an estimated 8.1 million people un-diagnosed as of 2012. Health screenings have been proven to identify diseases earlier, thereby resulting in earlier and more satisfactory treatment. Community pharmacies can offer many of the same screenings as those in doctor offices. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of free health screenings in community pharmacies on patient follow-up, perceptions, and knowledge of diabetes through blood glucose screenings and patient education. The study design was a pre-post observational study using surveys, blood sugar screenings, and patient education on diabetes. Participants were voluntary patients from four REM Corporation pharmacies in Ohio who were 18 or older, not recently tested for diabetes, non-diabetic, not pregnant, and without disorders that could hinder survey responses and education. Pre- and post-surveys assessed both patient perceptions on free health screenings in community pharmacies and on diabetes knowledge. Results among the 26 participants showed there was no statistically significant difference between patient perception pre- and post-surveys (all p-values ≥ 0.05), however there was a statistically significant difference between pre and post diabetes knowledge surveys (p \u3c 0.001). Limitations of this study were the small sample size due to the relatively small pharmacies utilized and short length of study time. Future directions should focus on using more demographically diverse pharmacies and a longer study time. Due to patients already having highly positive perceptions of health screenings in community pharmacies, future research should assess patient knowledge of diseases and the impact of patient education on overall health outcomes. Results of the study showed patients had positive opinions on free health screenings in community pharmacies and these screenings can help patients understand disease states and be more aware of their health

The Impact of Free Health Screenings at Community Pharmacies on Diabetes

Background: Health screenings can be beneficial when looking to detect diseases early on, thus making treatment easier. Free health screenings are typically performed in the community pharmacy setting. This makes it convenient because it is easily accessible and there is no appointment required. Diabetes is currently one of the most significant health issues faced today, with an estimated 7 million Americans going undiagnosed. Health screenings in community pharmacies are valuable to detect high blood glucose levels for patients to be referred for diagnosis and treatment. Previous studies related to health screenings have focused on hypertension and cholesterol, and few have been conducted on diabetes alone. Extensive research has not been performed regarding patient knowledge of diabetes or on the impact of health screenings. Due to this lack of research and the prevalence of diabetes, it is essential to explore the impact of free health screenings in regards to this growing health care issue. Objective: To assess the impact of free health screenings in community pharmacies on patient follow-up, perceptions, and knowledge of diabetes through blood glucose screenings and patient education. Methods: Data will be collected from local Kroger pharmacies. Patients will be purposefully selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected patients will be given a pre-survey at baseline prior to blood glucose testing and diabetes education. Individuals with abnormally high blood glucose levels will be referred to see a physician. Referred participants will be called a month after referral regarding the follow-up with their physician and potential diabetes diagnosis. All of the subjects will be called after a month to remind them to complete the post-survey. The post-survey will be sent to individuals by mail or email a month after the pre-survey. These surveys will contain the exact same questions as the pre-survey

The Impact of Free Health Screenings at Community Pharmacies on Diabetes

Title: The Impact of Free Health Screenings at Community Pharmacies on Diabetes Authors: Jacques Allou, Jessica Amtower, Nicholas Daniels, Jeniffer George, Anna Smith, Jeb Ballentine, Pharm.D., and Emily Laswell, Pharm.D. Background: Health screenings can be beneficial when looking to detect diseases early on, thus making treatment easier. Free health screenings are typically performed in the community pharmacy setting. This makes it convenient because it is easily accessible and there is no appointment required. Diabetes is currently one of the most significant health issues faced today, with an estimated 7 million Americans going undiagnosed. Health screenings in community pharmacies are valuable to detect high blood glucose levels for patients to be referred for diagnosis and treatment. Previous studies related to health screenings have focused on hypertension and cholesterol, and few have been conducted on diabetes alone. Extensive research has not been performed regarding patient knowledge of diabetes or on the impact of health screenings. Due to this lack of research and the prevalence of diabetes, it is essential to explore the impact of free health screenings in regards to this growing health care issue. Objective: To assess the impact of free health screenings in community pharmacies on patient follow-up, perceptions, and knowledge of diabetes through blood glucose screenings and patient education. Methods: Data will be collected from local Kroger pharmacies. Patients will be purposefully selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected patients will be given a pre-survey at baseline prior to blood glucose testing and diabetes education. Individuals with abnormally high blood glucose levels will be referred to see a physician. Referred participants will be called a month after referral regarding the follow-up with their physician and potential diabetes diagnosis. All of the subjects will be called after a month to remind them to complete the post-survey. The post-survey will be sent to individuals by mail or email a month after the pre-survey. These surveys will contain the exact same questions as the pre-survey

The Correlation of Free Health Screenings at Community Pharmacies on Diabetes

Objective: To assess the correlation of free health screenings in community pharmacies on patient perceptions of free health screenings and diabetes knowledge. Methods: The study design was a pre-post observational study using surveys, blood sugar screenings, and patient education on diabetes. Participants were voluntary patients from four REM Corporation pharmacies in Ohio who were 18 or older, not recently tested for diabetes, non-diabetic, not pregnant, and without disorders that could hinder survey responses and education. Pre- and post-surveys assessed both patient perceptions on free health screenings in community pharmacies and on diabetes knowledge. Results: Among the 26 participants there was no statistically significant difference between patient perception pre- and post-surveys (all p-values ≥0.05), however there was a statistically significant difference between pre and post diabetes knowledge surveys (p<0.001). Conclusion: Patients have positive opinions on free health screenings in community pharmacies and these screenings can help patients understand disease states and be more aware of their health.   Type: Original Researc