The review and study of elementary student injury

Background School injury is the second and most factor problem among the student in Iran elementary schools and it will be the cause of physical and mental disorders and sometimes, death. Students are at risk of accidents at schools and the way of schools because of their age and lack of experience. Objective Tto find out frequency and related factors of accidents in elementary schools in Fars province. Methods This is a descriptive study that was carried out among 216271 elementary student in the Fars province. In this study we used random methods to study the problem . After preparing a special check list and distributing among the school principals, we collected data and analyzed them by using SPSS. Findings 233 accident cases which were happen during the study were analyzed. 48.23% accident were among grade five elementary students and most of them happened in the months of October and December 47.9% of accidents happened between ours of 7.30 – 10 am. 54% of accidents was happen in the urban areas and 46% in the rural areas . Most cases of accidents was due to falling down by accidentally or intentionally. Conclusion Most accident were among grade five elementary students .more safety and precaution must be taken in elementary schools and increase the knowledge of student. Keywords: accidents, elementary students, elementary schools, Fars provinc

The Effect of Supportive Counseling on the Symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder Following Emergency Cesarean Section

Background & aim: Adverse childbirth experiences can lead to the emergence of mental disorders, such as acute stress disorder (ASD), in mothers in the postpartum period. Birth trauma can occur following aggressive procedures such as emergency cesarean section. This study aimed to determine the effect of supportive counseling intervention on the symptoms of ASD in women after emergency cesarean delivery. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 126 women with traumatic emergency cesarean section at Payambar-E Azam and Afzalipoor hospitals in Kerman, Iran. The participants were selected based on DSM-IV criteria. The subjects were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received individual and face-to-face supportive counseling. The data collection tool was the Acute Stress Disorder Questionnaire, which was completed one and three weeks post-intervention. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS, version 13. Results: The two groups were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics, pregnancy complications, and midwifery history. Also, there was no significant difference between two groups regarding the depression and anxiety mean scores at the pre-intervention stage. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups in terms of all acute stress disorder symptoms after one and three weeks of the intervention (