Indications for ART Initiation in 222 children whose CD4 counts were above CD4 treatment thresholds.

<p>^a Not within the guidelines for ART initiation in children</p><p>Indications for ART Initiation in 222 children whose CD4 counts were above CD4 treatment thresholds.</p

Multivariate analysis of sex differences in CD4+ T cell recovery after initiating ART.

<p>^a HR: Hazard ratio</p><p>^b 95% confidential interval range</p><p>^c aHR: adjusted hazard ratio</p><p>Multivariate analysis of sex differences in CD4+ T cell recovery after initiating ART.</p

Sex differences in CD4+ T cell count, CD4% and viral load, amongst 2,101 ART-naïve South African children.

<p>A. Absolute CD4 counts changes with age. B. CD4% changes with age. C. Viral load changes with age. In each panel, the solid lines are Loess-smoothed regression lines for female children and the dotted lines are Loess-smoothed regression lines for male children. A multivariable linear regression model, with both sex and age as covariates, shows significantly lower absolute CD4 counts in males (p = 0.005); significantly lower CD4% in males (p = 3.7x10^-7); and no significant difference in viral load between the sexes.</p

Sex differences in immune reconstitution amongst the patients started treatment under the pre-2013 WHO guidelines.

<p>Sex differences by log rank test are shown as follows: A. Survival after ART initiation. B. CD4+ T cell percentage recovery (>35%) rate among the children who started ART aged 1–4 years old with CD4+ T cell <25%. C. Absolute CD4+ T cell count recovery (>750/ul) among children initiating ART aged ≥5 years old with absolute CD4+ T cell counts <350/ul.</p

Absolute CD4 count, CD4% and viral load in HIV-infected children and HIV-uninfected neonates.

<p>^<b>a</b> Mann Whitney test</p><p><u>HIV-Infected Children, n = 2,101</u>.</p

Study cohorts of HIV-infected South African children analyzed.

<p>Study cohorts of HIV-infected South African children analyzed.</p