The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Shift Work in Midwives: A Cross Sectional Study

AbstractIntroduction: Recent studies suggest that shift work can be associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome. The present study was conducted in 2019 to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and shift work in midwives working in hospitals affiliated to universities of medical sciences in Tehran, Iran.Methods: The present analytical cross-sectional study recruited 216 midwives who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Questionnaires were first used to collect demographic information and job records. Waist circumference and blood pressure of the subjects were then measured. A 12-hour fasting blood test was performed to determine fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride and HDL levels. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was ultimately evaluated based on the Harmonized criteria. Data were analyzed in SPSS using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 6.9% in the midwives using the Harmonized criteria. Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in the night-shift workers (11.5%) compared to that in the other two groups, but the difference was not significant. Low HDL cholesterol and abdominal obesity were respectively the most frequent metabolic syndrome criteria. Significant relationships were observed between low HDL cholesterol and night shift (P<0.001), and also between abdominal obesity and rotational shift work (P<0.001).Conclusions: According to the present findings, a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in the night-shift workers, and rotational shift work was found to be significantly associated with two of the metabolic syndrome criteria, namely low HDL levels and abdominal obesity

The Relationship between Psychological Status (Depression and Anxiety) and Social Support and Sexual Function

AbstractIntroduction: Given that large numbers of marital problems arise from lack of proper satisfaction with sexual desire (libido) as well as lack of awareness towards the complicated dimensions of this fundamental motive, the purpose of the present study was to determine correlations between psychological state (depression and anxiety), social support, and sexual function among females of the reproductive age.Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic research on 400 females referred to clinics affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the city of Tehran, during year 2015. The study sample was recruited by cluster and multi-stage random sampling method. The Sexual Function Questionnaire, Demographic Questionnaire, Scale of Perceived Social Support, Spielberger’s Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory were also used to collect the data. The obtained data was analyzed through the SPSS software via descriptive statistics, t test, one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), as well as chi-square test.Results: The findings revealed that 4.5% of females had poor level of sexual functioning. In addition, 24.5% of females benefited from low social support and also 75% and 9% of the given individuals had chronic depression and severe anxiety, respectively. According to the results of this study, sexual functioning was correlated with female’s age, husband’s age, age of first pregnancy, length of marriage, duration of having private rooms, and history of infertility (P ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, there were relationships between sexual functioning and depression as well as anxiety and social support (P ˂ 0.05).Conclusions: It was concluded that sexual functioning was correlated with psychological state (depression and anxiety) and social support. Thus, it was recommended to conduct screening tests in terms of the variables examined

The effect of the timing of umbilical cord clamping on hemoglobin levels, neonatal outcomes and developmental status in infants at 4 months old

Objective:Delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC) increases blood transfer to newborns. Hence we investigated the effect of the timing of DCC on hemoglobin levels, neonatal outcomes and developmental status in infants at four months old.Materials & Methods:This clinical trial examined infants born to 400 pregnant women immediately upon birth and at the age of four months. The newborns were randomly assigned to either the intervention group with a 90-120-second delay in umbilical cord clamping or the control group with a clamping delay of below 60 seconds, and blood samples were taken from their umbilical cords. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire was used to evaluate the infants’ developmental status.Results:Umbilical cord hemoglobin was found to be significantly higher in the intervention group compared to in the controls (P=0/024). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of neonatal complications except neonatal jaundice was significantly more common in the intervention group (P=0/025), although the need for phototherapy was not different between the groups. Overall, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of developmental status at four months old; however, the infants had better problem-solving skills in the delayed umbilical cord clamping group (P=0/015).Conclusion:The results obtained show that, despite elevating hemoglobin, delayed umbilical cord clamping but has no effects on infant development except in terms of problem-solving skills. Further studies are recommended on the effects of delayed umbilical cord clamping on infant development

The Correlation between Adaptation to the Maternal Role and Social Support in a Sample of Iranian Primiparous Women

AbstractIntroduction: Adaptation to the maternal role is an important factor for health ofmothers and infants. With regards to numerous stresses after childbirth and effect ofsocial support in modifying stresses, the present study was conducted for detecting thecorrelation between adaptation to the maternal role and social support in primiparousfemales.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 260 primiparous females, whohad referred to public health centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciencesin Tehran, during year 2016. Data gathering tools included the «DemographicQuestionnaire», «Adaptation to the Maternal Role in Iranian Primiparous WomenQuestionnaire», «Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support», andEdinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software(version 22) and it was based on descriptive statistics and statistical independent t-test,Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Spearman correlation, and linear regression. P value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: The score of adaptation to a maternal role had a significant correlation witha total score of social support and its subscales (P = 0.001). Also, the adaptation toa maternal role had a reverse significant correlation with the mother and father’seducation and the rate of family income, yet the results of the linear regressiondemonstrated that only two variables, “social support” and “mother’s education”, weresignificant in predicting the adaptation to a maternal role (P = 0.001), and they couldpredict 15% of variance for adapting to a maternal role.Conclusions: Social support is an effective factor for adaptation to the maternal role inprimiparous females. Therefore, providing an appropriate situation for these supportsis recommended. Also, it is required for health care providers to make sure about anadaptation to a maternal role, especially in mothers with higher education

Path Analysis Association between Domestic Violence, Anxiety, Depression and Perceived Stress in Mothers and Children’s Development

How to Cite This Article: Vameghi R, Amir Ali Akbari S, Sajedi F, sajjadi H, Alavi Majd H. Path Analysis Association between Domestic Violence, Anxiety, Depression and Perceived Stress in Mothers and Children’s Development. Iran J Child Neurol. Autumn 2016; 10(4):36-48.AbstractObjectiveGiven that several factors involved in the incidence or exacerbation of developmental disorders in children, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between some of the risk factors affecting mothers’ health and development in children using path analysis. Materials & MethodsThe present cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 750 mothers and their children in health centers in Tehran, Iran in 2014 enrolled through multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic and personal information questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck’s depression Inventory, Spielberger’ anxiety inventory, the WHO domestic violence questionnaire and an ages & stages questionnaire for assessing children’s development. Data were analyzed using SPSS.19 (Chicago, IL, USA) and Lisrel 8.8. ResultsDevelopmental delay was observed in 12.1% of the children. The mean stress score was 23.94±8.62 in the mothers, 50.7% of whom showed mild to severe depression, 84.2% moderate to severe anxiety and 35.3% had been subjected to domestic violence. The path analysis showed that children’s development was affected directly by perceived stress (β=-0.09) and depression (β=-0.17) and indirectly by domestic violence (β=-0.05278) and anxiety (β=-0.0357). Of all the variables examined, depression had the biggest influence on development in the children (β=-0.17). The proposed model showed a good fit (GFI=1, RMSEA=0.034). ConclusionChildren’s development was influenced indirectly by domestic violence and anxiety and directly by perceived stress and depression in mothers. It is thus suggested that more concern and attention be paid to women’s mental health and the domestic violence they experience. References1. R. de Moura D, Costa JC, Santos IS, D. Barros AJ, Matijasevich A, Halpern R, and et al. Risk factors for suspected developmental delay at age 2 years in a Brazilian birth cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2010; 24(3): 211–221.2. Karimzadeh P, Kuimarsi A, Yousefi M. A Survey of Pediatrics Resident Knowledge of Growth & Development. Iran J Child Neurol 2011; 5(2):11-16.3. Baker R. Pediatric Primary Care Well-Child Care. USA. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Publish. 2001.4. Sachdeva S, Amir A, Alam S, Khan Z, Khalique N, Ansari MA. Global developmental delay and its determinants among urban infants and toddlers: a cross sectional study. 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Antenatal anxiety predicts child behavioral/emotional problems independently of postnatal depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41(12):1470-7.70. Tang, E, Luyten P, Casalin S, Vliegen N. Parental Personality, Relationship Stress, and Child Development: A Stress Generation Perspective. Inf Child Dev 2015;25(2):179-197

The Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Childbirth and Social Support and Marital Satisfaction

Background: Childbirth is among the most significant and pleasant events in a woman’s life. This event can be a traumatic event and a threat to the mother’s mental health. This study recognizes the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after childbirth and social support and marital satisfaction.Methods: This Cross-sectional analytical study was performed on a sample of 400 mothers who had delivered at Shohadaye-15-Khordad Hospital in Varamin (in two groups with & without PTSD). The research instruments include the Demographic, Midwifery, Neonatal Factors checklist, Enrich Marital Satisfaction, Weinfeld and Tigman Social Support, and the PTSD Symptoms Scale. We used SPSS to analyze the descriptive and Pearson correlation and logistic regression data. A P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: The prevalence of PTDS in this study was equal to 16.8%. There was no significant correlation between the mean of the total score of PTSD in all dimensions with social support (P>0.05). Marital satisfaction significantly affected the probability of PTSD after childbirth (P=0.001). There was a significant correlation between PTSD total score and dimension of avoidance symptoms and infant gender (P=0.038). There was also a significant correlation between gestational age and avoidance symptoms (P=0.001) and type of nutrition feeding and motivational symptoms (P=0.041) of PTSD dimensions.Conclusion: According to the relationship between marital satisfaction and PTSD, it is recommended to design suitable interventions to improve the marital status and promptly diagnose the susceptible mothers to prevent the spread of this complication

Developmental delay and related factors

Background & objective: The survival rates of high-risk infant have been improved as a result of advancesin medical knowledge, but future development of these children is becoming a matter of concern. Afterinfection and trauma, developmental and behavioral problems are the most common problems in pediatrics. Arange of factors are involved in behavior and development problems. Given the importance and prevalence ofdevelopmental disorders, the lack of detailed information on risk factors, this article aims to explore somefactors associated with developmental delay in children.Method and Material : This review was performed by searching PubMed, Ovid, SID, Scopus, Magiran andScience Direct databases using following key words: Child Development, Socioeconomic statue, Violence,Social support, Psychological factors, Unhealthy behavior, Social Determinants. A total of 55 article wereincluded in this review .Results: The main causes of developmental disabilities remain unknown. Development of children affectedby prenatal factors, psychological, social and biological factors, genetic, environmental factors and is dynamicinteraction Biological and Acquired factors.Key words: Developmental delay- Risk factors - Socioeconomic risk factors -Biological risk Factors-environmentalrisk factor

Effects of aromatherapy by Rosaceous on the severity and systemic symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea

Background and Aim:Dysmenorrhea, defined as pain associated with menstruation that affects millions of women in the reproductive ageworldwide. Considering the high prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its adverse consequences on quality of life, thepresent study examined the effects of Rosaceous on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and its systemicmanifestations.Materials and Methods:This double blind clinical trial was performed on 110 students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Studentsrandomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Both groups were matched before intervention for age,education level, BMI, income, education wife, age of menarche and marital status. In the intervention group in the first3 days of menstruation, 10 drops of Rosaceous extract were given to the subjects two times daily for two consecutivemenstrual cycles. The controls take placebo. Severity of primary dysmenorrhea is compared in the two groups using thepaired t test and between groups using the independent t test.Findings:The severity of primary dysmenorrhea and systemic manifestations decreased in both groups, this reduction was moresignificant in the Rosaceous group (p <0.001).Conclusions:The results of this study results showed a positive impact of Rosaceous in reduction of severity of primarydysmenorrhea and systemic manifestations. It seems that can be used to reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrheaand systemic manifestations.Keywords:Dysmenorrhea; Rosaceous; Traditional Medicine

Comparison between the lifestyles of university students with and without premenstrual syndromes

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome is a common disorder in reproductive age and it is associated with decreased quality of life in women. In view of various factors contributing to outbreak of PMS (premenstrual syndrome) among women, the present study intended to compare lifestyles of university students with and without premenstrual syndromes living in dormitories of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 200 university students with and without PMS from students living in dormitories. Data were collected using questionnaires of premenstrual symptoms, questionnaires for diet, perceived stress, and unhealthy behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and logistic regression in SPSS version 23. Results: The results showed that nutrition style (p=0.001), perceived stress (p=0.001), and exposure to passive tobacco smoke (p=0.001) were different between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that nutrition style (p=0.001, OR=0.861), exposure to passive tobacco smoke (p=0.008, OR=2.059), and stress (p=0.001, OR=1.088) were different in both groups. Conclusion: The research results proved that lifestyle, especially healthy eating habits, and decreasing stress and unhealthy behavior can influence PMS. Therefore, interventions are recommended to improve PMS symptoms