52,363 research outputs found
Herschel observations of embedded protostellar clusters in the Rosette molecular cloud
The Herschel OB young stellar objects survey (HOBYS) has observed the Rosette molecular cloud, providing an unprecedented view of its star formation activity. These new far-infrared data reveal a population of compact young stellar objects whose physical properties we aim to characterise. We compiled a sample of protostars and their spectral energy distributions that covers the near-infrared to submillimetre wavelength range. These were used to constrain key properties in the protostellar evolution, bolometric luminosity, and envelope mass and to build an evolutionary diagram. Several clusters are distinguished including the cloud centre, the embedded clusters in the vicinity of luminous infrared sources, and the interaction region. The analysed protostellar population in Rosette ranges from 0.1 to about 15âM_â with luminosities between 1 and 150âL_â, which extends the evolutionary diagram from low-mass protostars into the high-mass regime. Some sources lack counterparts at near- to mid-infrared wavelengths, indicating extreme youth. The central cluster and the Phelps & Lada 7 cluster appear less evolved than the remainder of the analysed protostellar population. For the central cluster, we find indications that about 25% of the protostars classified as ClassâI from near- to mid-infrared data are actually candidate Classâ0 objects. As a showcase for protostellar evolution, we analysed four protostars of low- to intermediate-mass in a single dense core, and they represent different evolutionary stages from Classâ0 to ClassâI. Their mid- to far-infrared spectral slopes flatten towards the ClassâI stage, and the 160 to 70âÎŒm flux ratio is greatest for the presumed Classâ0 source. This shows that the Herschel observations characterise the earliest stages of protostellar evolution in detail
The Aquila prestellar core population revealed by Herschel
The origin and possible universality of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is a major issue in astrophysics. One of the main objectives of the Herschel Gould Belt Survey is to clarify the link between the prestellar core mass function (CMF) and the IMF. We present and discuss the core mass function derived from Herschel data for the large population of prestellar cores discovered with SPIRE and PACS in the Aquila rift cloud complex at d ~ 260 pc. We detect a total of 541 starless cores in the entire ~11 deg^2 area of the field imaged at 70â500 ÎŒm with SPIRE/PACS. Most of these cores appear to be gravitationally bound, and thus prestellar in nature. Our Herschel results confirm that the shape of the prestellar CMF resembles the stellar IMF, with much higher quality statistics than earlier submillimeter continuum ground-based surveys
The 3XMM/SDSS Stripe 82 Galaxy Cluster Survey: Cluster catalogue and discovery of two merging cluster candidates
We present a galaxy cluster survey based on XMM-Newton observations that are
located in Stripe 82 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The survey covers
an area of 11.25 deg. The X-ray cluster candidates were selected as
serendipitously extended detected sources from the third XMM-Newton
serendipitous source catalogue (3XMM-DR5). A cross-correlation of the candidate
list that comprises 94 objects with recently published X-ray and optically
selected cluster catalogues provided optical confirmations and redshift
estimates for about half of the candidate sample. We present a catalogue of
X-ray cluster candidates previously known in X-ray and/or optical bands from
the matched catalogues or NED. The catalogue consists of 54 systems with
redshift measurements in the range of 0.05-1.19 with a median of 0.36. Of
these, 45 clusters have spectroscopic confirmations as stated in the matched
catalogues. We spectroscopically confirmed another 6 clusters from the
available spectroscopic redshifts in the SDSS-DR12. The cluster catalogue
includes 17 newly X-ray discovered clusters, while the remainder were detected
in previous XMM-Newton and/or ROSAT cluster surveys. Based on the available
redshifts and fluxes given in the 3XMM-DR5 catalogue, we estimated the X-ray
luminosities and masses for the cluster sample. We also present the list of the
remaining X-ray cluster candidates (40 objects) that have no redshift
information yet in the literature. Of these candidates, 25 sources are
considered as distant cluster candidates beyond a redshift of 0.6. We also
searched for galaxy cluster mergers in our cluster sample and found two strong
candidates for newly discovered cluster mergers at redshifts of 0.11 and 0.26.
The X-ray and optical properties of these systems are presented.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, revised
version after language editin
A Note on a Standard Embedding on Half-Flat Manifolds
It is argued that the ten dimensional solution that corresponds to the
compactification of heterotic string theory on a half-flat
manifold is the product space-time where is a
generalized cylinder with riemannian holonomy. Standard embedding on
then implies an embedding on the half-flat manifold which involves the
torsionful connection rather than the Levi-Civita connection. This leads to the
breakdown of to , as in the case of the
standard embedding on Calabi-Yau manifolds, which agrees with the result
derived recently by Gurrieri, Lukas and Micu (arXiv:0709.1932) using a
different approach. Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation is then implemented via
the torsionful connection on half-flat manifolds.Comment: 5 pages. v2: 6 pages; slightly reworded; version submitted for
publication. v3: uses JHEP3.cls, hence 14 pages now. Essentially same content
as before. Article in title changed in accordance with JHEP editor's
suggestion. Version to appear in JHE
Hier ist wahrhaftig ein Loch im Himmel: The NGC1999 dark globule is not a globule
The NGC1999 reflection nebula features a dark patch with a size of ~10 000 AU, which has been interpreted as a small, dense foreground globule and possible site of imminent star formation. We present Herschel PACS far-infrared 70 and 160 ÎŒmmaps, which reveal a flux deficit at the location of the globule. We estimate the globule mass needed to produce such an absorption feature to be a few tenths to a few M_â. Inspired by this Herschel observation, we obtained APEX LABOCA and SABOCA submillimeter continuum maps, and Magellan PANIC near-infrared images of the region. We do not detect a submillimer source at the location of the Herschel flux decrement; furthermore our observations place an upper limit on the mass of the globule of ~2.4Ă10^(â2) M_â. Indeed, the submillimeter maps appear to show a flux depression as well. Furthermore, the nearâinfrared images detect faint background stars that are less affected by extinction inside the dark patch than in its surroundings. We suggest that the dark patch is in fact a hole or
cavity in the material producing the NGC1999 reflection nebula, excavated by protostellar jets from the V380 Ori multiple system
The Elements of the Neutrino Mass Matrix: Allowed Ranges and Implications of Texture Zeros
We study the range of the elements of the neutrino mass matrix m_nu in the
charged lepton basis. Neutrino-less double beta decay is sensitive to the ee
element of m_nu. We then analyze the phenomenological implications of single
texture zeros. In particular, interesting predictions for the effective mass
can be obtained, in the sense that typically only little cancellation due to
the Majorana phases is expected. Some cases imply constraints on the
atmospheric neutrino mixing angle.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures. Minor corrections, matches version in PR
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