ASPECTS OF THE ROMANIAN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT

In this article, the authors sought to analyse a longer period, since 1948 (when the process of nationalization of industry, banking, insurance, mining and transportation) took place until today. In this context, the authors try to suggest through the study of the figures, the data and the legislative framework, step by step, how it evolved and why the Romanian industry is currently at the stage it is. There are references to the conditions that led to the process of nationalization of the industry and of other private properties in the national economy, concluding that in 1989 the Romanian economy was fully staged and the industry was developed according to other criteria than the economic efficiency. Thus, one of the criteria was the uniform distribution throughout the country of industrial objectives to ensure the use of labour force

Prioritization of urban green infrastructures for sustainable urban planning in Ploiesti, Romania

Urban green infrastructures are increasingly being used as instruments for achieving a sustainable urban planning due to their multifunctionality represented by the numerous economic, social and environmental benefits. Selecting the most appropriate type of urban green infrastructure to be developed in a certain city is most of the times an important challenge for planners. In our analysis, we developed a model for a multi-criteria evaluation of the components of urban green infrastructures using structural, functional, administrative and economic criteria. We used as a case study the city of Ploiesti, an industrial city of Romania, focused on oil processing. Ploiesti is one of the main engines of the Romanian economy with a tradition of over 100 years of oil industrial activity being characterized by a significant expansion of the build-up areas (especially industrial and technological site) in the outskirts of the city and a decrease of urban green area per capita. Policies and strategies to increase the density of the existing urban green infrastructure and to sustainably manage the existing ones represent a challenge for local authorities and other local actors and stakeholders as the balance between economic development and the city’s livability has to generate a proper quality of life for its inhabitants. Our results can drive to a more efficient urban planning and the use of the correct and appropriate urban green infrastructures elements in improving the quality of life and the environment. The analysis can be used for sustainable planning of urban green infrastructures in other cities lacking a proper amount of green areas

Management options in the sudden hearing loss of a diabetic patient

The aim of our paper is to highlight the main therapeutic principles and the management options in the case of a diabetic patient who has had a sudden hearing loss. Mainly, the aim is to underline the sudden hearing loss treatment adjustment of the diabetic patient compared to the non-diabetic patient. By understanding the mechanism of sudden hearing loss in a diabetic patient, namely the impact of glycemic variations and their implication on the microvascular structures of the inner ear, we try to underline the treatment principles and management options of the previously mentioned combined pathologies. Thus, it is necessary to adapt the classes of drugs used in the case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss of the diabetic patient in comparison with the non-diabetic patient, in order not to aggravate or complicate the patient’s functional status. Therefore, the treatment will need to be adapted both by classes of medication and by the type of administration used. Adequate control of the progression, treatment and complications of diabetes mellitus ensures optimal treatment management in case of a sudden hearing loss and therefore interferes with the favorable functional hearing outcomes. The role of this paper is not only to state the therapeutic principles in the case of sudden hearing loss in a diabetic patient, but also to analyze the impact on the management of potential local and systemic risk factors

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome – a Surgical Emergency

Over the past six decades, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) remained a very controversial subject, both in surgical and non-surgical specialties. Doctors failed to understand why critically ill patients died in the ICU with distended abdomens without fi nding any cause or why postoperative patients with wound defects such as dehiscence died after suturing the wound again „very tightly”. After the concept of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was established and methods for measuring it and diagnosing intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) were available for clinicians to use it, it became clearer that ACS was a very serious and life threating pathology and the need for a correct treatment is essential. In this article we will try to make a literature review of the past decade and see when and how to diagnose correctly a patient with ACS and also how the diagnostic and treatments methods changed over the years

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: the Surgical Perspective

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), namely Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are relatively rare diseases in our country, known as a low prevalence geographic region. IBD are a multidisciplinary problem, that implies gastroenterologists, as well as surgeons. Surgical management in inflammatory bowel disease is often impaired by a high complication rate and a significant recurrence rate, specific mostly for Crohn’s disease. Indications for surgery include failure of medical therapy (including delayed puberty for young patients and drug intolerance), toxic megacolon, bowel perforation, obstruction, enteric fistula and abdominal or perianal abscess. Advances in medical treatment options for IBD are continuously accumulating. However, a large number of patients still require surgical procedures during lifetime

Endoscopic Grading as a Predictor to Develop Strictures in Corrosive Esophagitis in Children

Introduction. The incidence of corrosive esophagitis, also known as caustic esophagitis in children, is still increasing in developing countries, according to different clinical reports. Acids and alkalis are, in the same manner, involved in the pathogenesis of corrosive esophagitis in children. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence and endoscopic grading of corrosive esophagitis in a cohort of children from a developing country. Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of all pediatric patients who were admitted for corrosive ingestion at Pediatric Clinic II, Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, over 10 years. Results. A total of 22 patients consisting of 13 (59.09%) girls and 9 boys (40.91%) were found in the present research. The majority of children lived in rural areas (69.2%). The results of laboratory tests were not well correlated with the degree of the injury. White blood cell counts over 20,000 cells/mm3, an increase in the C-reactive protein level and hypoalbuminemia were noticed only in three patients with strictures. The lesions were associated with increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5 and Interferon-gamma. Severe late complications such as strictures have been noticed in children with grade 3A injuries. The endoscopic dilation was done after the six months endoscopy. None of the patients treated with endoscopic dilation required surgical intervention for esophageal or pyloric perforation or dilation failure. The majority of complications (such as malnutrition) were noticed in children with grade 3A injuries. In consequence, prolonged hospitalization has been required. The second endoscopy (done six months after ingestion) revealed stricture as the most common late complication (n = 13, 60.60%: eight patients with grade 2B and five with grade 3A). Conclusion. There is a low incidence of corrosive esophagitis in children in our geographic area. Endoscopic grading is a predictor of late complications such as strictures. Grade 2B and 3A corrosive esophagitis are likely to develop strictures. It is crucial to avoid strictures and to prevent malnutrition