Total abundance of <i>L. harak</i> at each site estimated from an optimal stratified-random sampling design.

<p>N_h represents the theoretical maximum number of transects that could be fit into habitat <i>h</i> without overlap, W_h is the proportional habitat area, n_h is the number of transects allocated to habitat <i>h</i>, x_h is the mean number of fish per transect for habitat <i>h</i>, s_h² is the variance surrounding the density estimate for habitat <i>h</i>, <i>n</i> is the total number of transects at a site, and s²(x_strat) is the variance surrounding the stratified mean density for the entire site.</p

Projected recovery trajectories.

<p>The time (years) required for replenishment of spawner biomass (y-axis) in Achang Marine Preserve proportional to an assumed pristine state following a given period of unrestricted fishing (x-axis, up to 20 years). This is presented for two spawner-recruit steepness values, A) <i>h</i>  = 0.8 and B) <i>h</i>  = 0.6. Contour lines represent the proportional biomass relative to a pristine state (for example: in B, after 10 years of unrestricted fishing, ∼6% of biomass remains compared to a pristine level. After 10 subsequent years of protection, the proportion has risen to 40% of pristine).</p

Mean density, adult density, biomass and spawner biomass of <i>Lethrinus harak</i> by habitat type at each study site.

<p>Values for panels (A) and (B) are per 1000 m² and error bars represent standard error. Note that the absence of bars may not represent zero values as some habitats did not occur in certain sites (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039599#pone-0039599-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>).</p

Mean fork length of <i>Lethrinus harak</i> by habitat type (seagrass and macroalgae) and protection status at each of the four study sites.

<p>Error bars represent standard error.</p

Size frequency distributions of <i>Lethrinus harak</i> for seagrass and all other habitats (combined) at each site.

<p>Data collected from stratified-random visual surveys. Dashed lines indicate mean fork length.</p

Total population size, biomass and spawner biomass estimates of <i>L. harak</i> for each site, calculated from stratified visual surveys.

<p>Total population size, biomass and spawner biomass estimates of <i>L. harak</i> for each site, calculated from stratified visual surveys.</p

Benthic habitat maps of the reef flat at Piti Marine Preserve, East Agaña Bay, Achang Marine Preserve, and Rios Bay.

<p>The distribution of the six primary habitat types are color-coded.</p

Projected age-frequency distributions.

<p>The effect of marine preserve maintenance, removal, and modification on population age structure of <i>Lethrinus harak</i> within Achang Marine Preserve after ten years of management. Error bars represent standard deviation of the mean estimate after 1000 random simulations.</p

The description and values for each parameter used in the age-structured population model.

<p>Source of values indicated by asterisk:</p>*<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039599#pone.0039599-Taylor1" target="_blank">[21]</a>;</p>**<p>present study;</p>***<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039599#pone.0039599-Taylor2" target="_blank">[68]</a>.</p

Model projections of various population parameters.

<p>The change in spawner biomass, total population abundance, and proportion of males for <i>Lethrinus harak</i> within Achang Marine Preserve over twenty years under four management scenarios and two spawner-recruit steepness values. Data are mean outputs of 1000 model simulations for each scenario.</p