Sociological and Psychological Factors on Prohibited Substances Abuse in Rehabilitation Centre of Medan City, Indonesia

INTRODUCTION: Prohibited substances issue and their abuse have become a scourge for people in Indonesia. This situation creates concern for every level of society since this is very influential to damage and can even eliminate generations at a later time. AIM: This study aims to determine the characteristics of age, education, psychological and social problems related to substance dependence experienced by individuals with substance disorders who undergo rehabilitation in Medan, Indonesia. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional analytic, in which the sample of this study was individuals who underwent rehabilitation in the Rehabilitation Center in Medan City who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A structured interview was carried out with the MINI ICD-10 on part M. disorders related to psychoactive substances. Furthermore, to see the level of dependence, WHO ASSIST questionnaire (The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) was used. RESULTS: This study discovered that subjects with age above 21 years were the most dominant of the prohibited substance users group as many as 87 people (69%), Batak tribe with 73 people (57.9%), residence originating from outside the city with 70 people (55.6%), Unmarried with 87 people (70.2%), education level is medium (junior high school) with 117 people (92.9%) and work as many as 77 people (61.1%). The study also found that the most dominant number of prohibited substances users were single users of methamphetamine and a combination of two substances, each of which was 49 people (38.9%). There is no relationship between social factors and patterns of prohibited substance use. Also, the most dominant users of prohibited substances who undergo rehabilitation are those based on family and police (involuntary admission). Finally, as many as 70 people used methamphetamine require intensive intervention. CONCLUSION: This study shows that social and demographic factors are not related to the pattern of prohibited substance use

IHC Expression Relationships MMP7 and VEGF With Normal Ovaries and Ovarian Pathologies

To investigate the association of MMP7 and VEGF expression with ovarian cancer, benign ovarian cysts, and normal ovaries. This study was analytical research with case-control design. In the study, IHC expression of MMP7 and VEGF was carried out on paraffin block of ovarian cancer tissue, benign ovarian cyst, and normal ovary. In 40 subjects with ovarian tumors, 17 patients were found with positive MMP7 expression. In the control group, no subjects were found with positive MMP7 expression. There was a significant relationship between MMP7 expression and ovarian tumor incidence. Meanwhile, in 40 subjects with ovarian tumors, 21 patients were found with positive VEGF expression. In the control group, no subjects with positive VEGF expression were found. There was a significant relationship between VEGF expression and ovarian tumor incidence. There was a significant relationship between MMP7 and VEGF expression with ovarian tumor incidence

OVERVIEW OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR LEVEL AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TOWARDS Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota IN PROBIOTIC DRINK

Introduction. Probiotics are widely used in health research because it is considered to be beneficial for human health. Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota is one of the lactic acid bacteria which mostly found in commercial drink. This bactery can improve gut’s immunity towards pathogen by producing bacteriocin which is able to lower the pH in the gut. However it was found inappropriate probiotic product storaging, inappropriate way of consuming probiotic drink and the mixing of probiotic drink with other drinks randomly could disrupt the viability of probiotic bacteria which would reduce the benefits of the probiotic drink. Aim. The aim of this study is to observe the knowledge, attitude and behaviour level from students of faculty of medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara towards Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in probiotic drink. Method. This is a descriptive research with cross sectional approach. The research is collecting primary data using questionnaire about knowledge, attitude and behaviour level towards Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in probiotic drinks. Result. From 152 respondents who met all the criteria, there are 48,7% respondents have good knowledge level, 45,4% sufficient and 5,9% deficient. Moreover, there are 22,4% respondents have good attitude level, 47,4% sufficient and 30,3% deficient. Also, there are 77% respondents have good behaviour level, 21% sufficient and 2,0% deficient. Conclusion. Majority of respondents have good knowledge level, sufficient attitude level and good behaviour level towards Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota