RELACION ENTRE EL NIVEL DE PREPARACION EN LOS VALORES ETICOS – MORALES Y EL DESEMPEÑO LABORAL DE LOS AGENTES PENITENCIARIOS DEL ESTABLECIMIENTO PENITENCIARIO DE HUANUCO, 2018

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito establecer, cuáles son los puntos controversiales, que impiden a los servidores públicos (agentes penitenciarios) del Instituto Nacional Penitenciario (INPE), el ejercicio de sus funciones en el establecimiento penitenciario de Huánuco. Pues, hechos ajenos a la función, han impulsado a que nuestra sociedad, pierda el crédito y sobre todo la confianza en nuestras autoridades; en este caso en los miembros del INPE, debido a las diversas denuncias de actos de corrupción. La presente investigación, tiene como finalidad identificar y establecer cuáles son los factores, en este caso el nivel de preparación en los valores éticos y morales y el desempeño laboral de los agentes penitenciarios, que impiden el ejercicio de sus funciones de los empleados públicos, de custodiar, mantener el orden y sobre todo el principio de autoridad, en las cárceles del Perú. Tenemos que tener presente que, son los agentes penitenciarios, quienes se encargan de la custodia, seguridad y vigilancia de los internos que habitan en las cárceles del PerúTesi

Dengue illness impacts daily human mobility patterns in Iquitos, Peru

Background Human mobility plays a central role in shaping pathogen transmission by generating spatial and/or individual variability in potential pathogen-transmitting contacts. Recent research has shown that symptomatic infection can influence human mobility and pathogen transmission dynamics. Better understanding the complex relationship between symptom severity, infectiousness, and human mobility requires quantification of movement patterns throughout infectiousness. For dengue virus (DENV), human infectiousness peaks 0–2 days after symptom onset, making it paramount to understand human movement patterns from the beginning of illness. Methodology and principal findings Through community-based febrile surveillance and RT-PCR assays, we identified a cohort of DENV+ residents of the city of Iquitos, Peru (n = 63). Using retrospective interviews, we measured the movements of these individuals when healthy and during each day of symptomatic illness. The most dramatic changes in mobility occurred during the first three days after symptom onset; individuals visited significantly fewer locations (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.017) and spent significantly more time at home (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.005), compared to when healthy. By 7–9 days after symptom onset, mobility measures had returned to healthy levels. Throughout an individual’s symptomatic period, the day of illness and their subjective sense of well-being were the most significant predictors for the number of locations and houses they visited. Conclusions/Significance Our study is one of the first to collect and analyze human mobility data at a daily scale during symptomatic infection. Accounting for the observed changes in human mobility throughout illness will improve understanding of the impact of disease on DENV transmission dynamics and the interpretation of public health-based surveillance data

Heterogeneity of Dengue Illness in Community-Based Prospective Study, Iquitos, Peru

Measuring heterogeneity of dengue illness is necessary to define suitable endpoints in dengue vaccine and therapeutic trials and will help clarify behavioral responses to illness. To quantify heterogeneity in dengue illness, including milder cases, we developed the Dengue Illness Perceptions Response (IPR) survey, which captured detailed symptom data, including intensity, duration, and character, and change in routine activities caused by illness. During 2016–2019, we collected IPR data daily during the acute phase of illness for 79 persons with a positive reverse transcription PCR result for dengue virus RNA. Most participants had mild ambulatory disease. However, we measured substantial heterogeneity in illness experience, symptom duration, and maximum reported intensity of individual symptoms. Symptom intensity was a more valuable predicter of major activity change during dengue illness than symptom presence or absence alone. These data suggest that the IPR measures clinically useful heterogeneity in dengue illness experience and its relation to altered human behavior

The impact of dengue illness on social distancing and caregiving behavior

Background Human mobility among residential locations can drive dengue virus (DENV) transmission dynamics. Recently, it was shown that individuals with symptomatic DENV infection exhibit significant changes in their mobility patterns, spending more time at home during illness. This change in mobility is predicted to increase the risk of acquiring infection for those living with or visiting the ill individual. It has yet to be considered, however, whether social contacts are also changing their mobility, either by socially distancing themselves from the infectious individual or increasing contact to help care for them. Social, or physical, distancing and caregiving could have diverse yet important impacts on DENV transmission dynamics; therefore, it is necessary to better understand the nature and frequency of these behaviors including their effect on mobility. Methodology and principal findings Through community-based febrile illness surveillance and RT-PCR infection confirmation, 67 DENV positive (DENV+) residents were identified in the city of Iquitos, Peru. Using retrospective interviews, data were collected on visitors and home-based care received during the illness. While 15% of participants lost visitors during their illness, 22% gained visitors; overall, 32% of all individuals (particularly females) received visitors while symptomatic. Caregiving was common (90%), particularly caring by housemates (91%) and caring for children (98%). Twenty-eight percent of caregivers changed their behavior enough to have their work (and, likely, mobility patterns) affected. This was significantly more likely when caring for individuals with low “health-related quality of well-being” during illness (Fisher’s Exact, p = 0.01). Conclusions/Significance Our study demonstrates that social contacts of individuals with dengue modify their patterns of visitation and caregiving. The observed mobility changes could impact a susceptible individual’s exposure to virus or a presymptomatic/clinically inapparent individual’s contribution to onward transmission. Accounting for changes in social contact mobility is imperative in order to get a more accurate understanding of DENV transmission

Di-μ-but-2-enoato-bis[diaquabis(but-2-enoato)neodymium(III)] 2,6-diaminopurine disolvate

The title Nd complex [Nd2(C4H5O2)6(H2O)4]·2C5H6N6 is isotypic with two previously reported Dy and Ho isologues. It is composed of [Nd(crot)3(H2O)2]2 dimers [crot(onate) = but-2-enoate = C4H5O2], built up around symmetry centres and completed by 2,6-diaminepurine molecules acting as solvates. The neodymium cations are coordinated by three chelating crotonato units and two water molecules. One of the chelating carboxylates acts also in a bridging mode, sharing one oxygen with both cations, and the final result is a pair of NdO9 tricapped prismatic polyhedra linked to each other through a central (Nd—O)2 loop. A most attractive aspect of the structures resides in the existence of a complex intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction scheme involving two sets of tightly interlinked, non-intersecting one-dimensional structures, one of them formed by the [Nd(crot)3(H2O)2]2 dimers running along [100] and the second by the solvate molecules evolving along [010]

Two isomorphous crotonatolanthanide complexes: tetra-mu-but-2-enoato-bis[diaqua(but-2-enoato)Ln]-2,6-diaminopurine (1/2) (Ln = Dy and Ho)

The title isomorphous compounds, tetra-mu-but-2-enoato-bis[diaqua(but-2-enoato)dysprosium(III)]-2,6-diaminopurine (1/2), [Dy-2(C4H5O2)(6)(H2O)(4)]center dot 2C(5)H(6)N(6), and tetra-mu-but-2-enoato-bis[diaqua(but-2-enoato)holmium(III)]-2,6-diaminopurine (1/2), [Ho-2(C4H5O2)(6)(H2O)(4)]center dot 2C(5)H(6)N(6), consist of [Ln(crot)(3)(H2O)(2)](2) dimers (crot is crotonate or but-2-enoate; Ln is the lanthanide cation), built up around inversion centres and completed by 2,6-diaminopurine molecules. The lanthanide cation is coordinated by three chelating crotonate units and two water molecules. One of the chelating carboxylate groups acts also in a bridging mode sharing one O atom with both cations and the final result is a pair of DyO9 tricapped prismatic polyhedra linked to each other through a central (Dy-O)(2) loop. A feature of the structures is the existence of a complex intermolecular interaction scheme involving two sets of tightly interlinked non-intersecting one-dimensional structures, one of them formed by the [Dy(crot)(3)(H2O)(2)](2) dimers (running along [100] and linked by O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds) and the second formed by 2,6-diaminopurine molecules (evolving along [010] linked by N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds)

Erratum: Correction: Dengue illness impacts daily human mobility patterns in Iquitos, Peru (PLoS neglected tropical diseases (2019) 13 9 (e0007756))

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007756.]