Environmental impact of using geothermal clean energy (heating and cooling systems) in economic sustainable modern buildings architecture design in Iraq:a review

Nowadays, with all the climate change problems that we face worldwide, engineers from different specialists work together towards Sustainability and finding solutions, and investigating its environmental impact thoroughly. Architectural, Chemical, environmental, civil engineers have always been closely linked in designing and constructing buildings. Geothermal energy is a local, resilient, reliable, ecologically benign, and sustainable form of the renewable energy system. This type of natural energy could be generated from the earth’s heat and takes a variety of purposes, including building heating and cooling, electricity generation, supplying warm/cold water for agricultural products in greenhouses, as well as balneological usage. Furthermore, geothermal energy isn’t affected by weather and could provide electricity and heat nearly constantly through the year. This study intends to investigate the opportunity of using geothermal energy in Iraq under the ground represents one of the sustainable energy resources we can use it will be a significant environmental benefit in our housing in air conditioning applications. This review gives a summary of geothermal energy systems in general. Topics addressed include: an introduction to the environments and the energy, also their relationship, a geothermal energy history brief, an overview of geothermal energy systems throughout the world and also through Iraq, and an overview of geothermal systems environmental impacts as well as the environmental impact of Sustainable buildings architecture design, are just a few of the topics covered. Hence, the achieved conclusions of this review can make changes towards sustainable environmental design

Digital architecture and designing architecture space and ITS effect on future life strategy

Technological advancements have altered nearly every aspect of individuals’ existence and operation in society. When technologies develop, architecture evolves as well: the architectural techniques change, as does the architectural outcome. The digital revolution reflected on architecture, as did other scientific and life fields. Its impact on the work and architectural space was evident. The architectural production became not limited to designing in traditional ways and directing it as computer drawings. Still, it went beyond that, as the designs produced became the product of an intelligent design process directly influenced by the digital community in general. Architectural space has gone through many developments throughout history influenced by technology and building techniques on the one hand and by functional and environmental issues and human factors on the other hand. The architectural space appeared in the form of a living being that grows over time and is influenced by all the variables of the times and expresses the personality of its inhabitants. If the architect determines space and its composition according to human needs, it is also influenced by the imagination of architecture and its vision of freedom. Therefore, the problem of research was determined by "the lack of a clear vision of the development of architectural space and how it is affected by the digital revolution," where the research aims to identify indicators of the development of architectural space in light of digital development and how architectural thought deals with the changes brought about by information technology, and how it was expressed in the form of areas that meet the needs of users, which in turn changed in terms of sensory needs or physical needs. The research thus assumed "the existence of mechanisms, strategies, levels, and degrees of digital use within the process of designing architectural and urban space to generate digital space," and to achieve this will begin to learn about the evolution of space and what it is over time with a quick presentation of the most prominent developments in the architectural and urban space, especially in the recent years, to a final formulation of the characteristics of knowledge of digital areas

The future of an intelligent and responsive architecture design after the COVID 19 epidemic

An intelligent building is much more than a set of walls; it’s a dynamic organism that employs integrated technologies to share data about the building among various systems to enhance efficiency and provide a better experience for its users. There are a number of challenges with intelligent buildings. They must respond to people’s requirements and needs, including their health and well-being; they must be resource-efficient, and they must include the most useful aspects of new technologies. The current COVID-19 outbreak has pushed architects to consider the future of architectural design technologies. Is it possible that the epidemic may influence the design of our buildings, causing them to become smarter or more intelligent? What role did architecture play throughout the epidemic and in the post-pandemic stage, as well? This paper aims to discuss the future of intelligent design technologies in light of the current Coronavirus epidemic and how it might reshape our architecture design. Finally, the impact of COVID-19 on people’s daily routines in the building design will be discussed

Production of Biodiesel from Caster Oil: Experimental and Optimization Study

Biodiesel production provides a diversified and renewable energy source offering lower greenhouse gas emissions than traditional diesel. It also offers economic benefits by reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels. Castor oil transesterification is an essential process in the creation of biodiesel. In this experimental study, castor oil transesterified using methanol, and potassium hydroxide was the catalyst. The effects of various reaction parameters, including temperature, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, and catalyst concentration, on the biodiesel yield were studied and optimized by the conventional method followed by the statistically based Box-Behnken design method. The maximum yield was reached at a temperature of 65°C, a molar ratio of 12:1 methanol to oil, and a catalyst concentration of 1.5% by weight. The yield of biodiesel under these conditions was 93%. The optimized results of experiments showed increases in yield to 93.36% at 65°C temperature, 14.12:1 a molar ratio methanol to oil, and a 1.12% by weight catalyst concentration; hence, the optimal temperature was the highest achieved value. The fatty acid methyl ester composition analysis revealed that the major constituents of the biodiesel were ricinoleic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl ester, and oleic acid methyl ester. The findings of this research highlight the significance of selecting the appropriate reaction conditions to maximize biodiesel yield. Also, it was found that castor oil had the potential to be an essential feedstock for biodiesel production

EXPERIMENTAL AND CFD- SIMULATION OF POLLUTANT TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA

Efforts were made in this search to design a physical and computer model using the CFD techniques to simulate the problem of transporting pollutants through a porous media in unsteady state case. A physical model was built to measure the transmission of a copper nitrate pollutant at an initial concentration of 25 mg/l in a medium consists of (sand + gravel) and study the movement of the pollutant through. Then the results of the pollutant transport through used in the physical model were entered as entry data to the CFD simulated model using COMSOL 5.4. Software. The results of the CFD simulated model showed that the change in the inlet velocity to more than 20% of the initial velocity increases the pollutant concentration and reduces the time wanted to reach the highest value of the pollutant, while reducing the inlet velocity to less than 20% of the initial velocity, cause to decrease the concentration and increase the time to reach the highest pollutant value. When changing the porosity by (30%, -15%) of the initial porosity, it was noticed that increasing the porosity value reduces the pollutant concentration and increases the time required to reach the highest value of the pollutant. while when the porosity decreases to 15% of the initial porosity, the concentration increases the time decreases to reach the highest value of the pollutant at all control points. The adsorption factor has a noticeable effect on the emergence of the pollutant, while the temperature change was almost imperceptible for all degrees. However, the results of laboratory work were compared with the results of the CFD simulated model, which showed a good match between them