Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens in reducing cucumber seed rot and seedlings death caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solaniin green house conditions

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two bacterial biological control agents controlling the pathogenic fungi  that cause seed rot and seedlings death on cucumber growth in green house in Abbasiya, Al-Huraira, Al-Haidari and Qizwiniya towns in Najaf province. Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated from soils of the above areas and biochemically identified at ministry of science and technology. The pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani isolated from cucumber seeds that have been  grown in gerrn house  and diagnosed morphologically and molecularly using the PCR technique. The results showed two bacterial isolates were highly antagonistic to R.solani and F.solani. Results of the pot experiment showed the ability of both bacterial isolates introspecting cucumber plants from infection by R. solani and F. solani, in addition to their high efficiency in increasing the growth indicators (germination, total vegetation and root length, soft and dry plant weight and leg diameter) after 14 and 28 days post planting.The field experiment in green house when testing the effect of two bacteria isplutes was showed increasing of the total chlorophyll content of leaves of cucumber plants at 28 days, especially when treated with P. fluorescens was significant differed from the rest of treatments with chlorophyll content of 1027.3 mg. 1. in addition that some bacteria was significantly increased the rate of plant contact of the major elements (total nitrogen ,total Phosphor, total potassium) NPK after 14 and 28 days of planting  2.9 and 3.55%. The best treatment ofB. subtilis + P. fluorescens. was significantly increased the total cucumber yield 6.185 kg / plant for 20 harvests, compared with the rest of treatments

Effect of different control methods on Cuscuta campestris, and growth and productivity of eggplant (Solanum melongena)

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Qizuina district-province of Najaf during the 2017 growing season in order to control parasitizing dodder (Cuscuta campestris) on eggplants through increasing plant growth and inducing plant resistance using nutrients and herbicide. The experiment arranged within RCBD with three replicates. Results showed significant differences between treatments. Among all the treatments, Boric acid resulted in the highest values of leaf number, leaf area, plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, thickness of bark, epidermis and petiole cortex of the leaf, and shorter time to fruit maturity as well as no infection was detected. While, Na2SiO3 resulted in higher values of stem diameter, earliness in first flower formation and higher of fruit set, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight and plant productivity, early (13.84 ton.ha-1)and total yield (69.24 ton.ha-1). The herbicide Sulfosulfuron was effective to control dodder resulted in filaments decease and prevented its flowering compared to the mechanical control and the other infected treatments in which dodder not only reduced the eggplants vegetative growth but also affected the quality and quantity of early (5.82 ton.ha-1) and total yield (44.39 ton.ha-1). These results confirm the using of high efficient treatments in to control dodder which can be practically applied in the integrate management program of this pest